| OCR Text |
Show . Numerals follow tne quinary counting system, ana orainais are formed in tnefollowing manner: ishgomo two, kumusk second ; masgh three, kamaskh third. Possessive pronouns precede their substantives: uk pu, my hand ; u pn, thy and his hand. In the conjugation of verbs, the negative particle ke; ke- 6, precedes the verb; ke tchamon, I do not know ; the particle of the future tense is sh&, and is inserted between the personal pronoun aud the verb. The particle of the preterit is double; moe . . . . uash; moe pa shu- un uash, thou hast eaten. This vash also occurs in the terms for old ; pagri- uvash; for morning: vash- n& khi- et, which also means to- morrow. Our knowledge of the Santa Barbara family of languages has been until now so restricted that the solution of the problem, what linguistic relations it bears to other American languages, could not be attempted with any hope of arriving at the truth. The painstaking labors of O. Loew have now enabled us to investigate this curious idiom more exhaustively, and, as nothing has yet been published concerning it, X intend to expatiate more fully on its affinities, and to draw all the conclusions that can be drawn safely from the material presently available. The purpose of linguistic comparisons of roots, word- Btems, and words belonging to different languages, and showing some similarity in soand and signification, is to find out whether the omeets compared are borrowed, or whether they are cognate or not cognate. To do this with safety, the phonetic rules of these languages must have been reduced to a system, and where such systems are yet wanting, as here and in all the Californian languages, only empirical rales can be followed. The Tatche" language of the mission of San Antonio corresponds in the following terms: San Antonio. Kasna. Santa Cms Island. father chest, breast blood hare large, great small bone dog to drink ecco tchcduo ak£ ta sb/ kem kfll ktftcha skitano ekhak6 6tcho k£ tcheme koko ko'- ugh akh61es shk& min ( Hale: skahanuhui) ku^ n kba- akh tst& ne- ugh aughyoulish ikukuie wutchn tchakmil The idiom of San Luis Obispo would, if we had a more comprehensive vocabulary of it, show many more affinities than tne ones we subjoin here: ear salt hand man two three San Lais Obispo, p'ta tepn pu h'lmono eshin misha Kasna. ' tu tip pu Santa Crnc Island, thti pn, ( plur. ptipn) alamu- un ishnm maseghe The Mutsun language, spoken in a large tract of territory around San Juan Bautista^ does not show any similarities beyond the following: two Mutsun. ntsgin Kasna. ishgdmo Santa Cms Island. ishtono Further to the north, the idiom of the root- digging Wintoons, who live on the upper Sacramento River, corresponds in the following terms: Wintoon. Santa Cruz Island, ( tcha-) sa Kasna. teeth si s£ ears tnmut ' tu . and the Klamath- Modoc in the negative particle ka- i, not; Kasurf ke, ke- tf; perhaps also in 6- ash, lake; Kasuli, 6- ukeke. The distant Pima language, spoken on the Gila River and south of it, shows striking analogies in two terms: mukat, far off, distant; Kasna*, niti- ftkhk. ni kuna, n'- kuna, my husband; Kasu£, kunivu- e. It may be reasonably expected that the wide- stretching Shoshonee family, whioh has even sent a few offshoots down to the barren coast of the southern part of the State of |
