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Show 330 lation is 210 grams. We have seen above that two liters = 2,000 grams evaporate from the body in twelve hours. Hence the remaining 1,790 grams must take their way through the pores of the skin, and the quantities stand in the proportion as 1: 8.5, while under ordinary circumstances the relation is but 1: 0.66 (!). It appears, therefore, that the main evaporation, hence the main cooling effect, takes place by the skin, and that evaporation by the lnngs exercises but little influence on the temperature of the body. APPENDIX H 16. ANALYTICAL REPORT ON ELEVEN IDIOMS 6POKEN IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA, NEVADA, AND ON THE LOWER COLORADO RIVER, THEIR PHONETIC ELEMENTS, GRAMMATICAL STRUCTURE, AND MUTUAL AFFINITIES, BY ALB. S. GAT8CHET. NEW YORK CITY, April 3,1876. SIR : I have the honor to submit herewith a linguistic report on the subject of Indian languages, of which vocabularies and sentences have been collected by members of your survey during the summer months of 1875. These idioms are enumerated in the order in which they were commented upon: the Kasua\ Kauvuya, Takhtam or Serrano, Gaitchin, Kizh, Southern Payute, Chemehuevi, Western Payute, Mohave, Hualapai, and Diegefio. Four of them, the Takhtam, Chemehuevi, Western Payute, and Hualapai, were, up to this day, only known by name to the scientific world. In my report I took care to dwell mainly on such points as seemed most important from a linguistic point of view, and would give the best idea of the characteristics and peculiarities of each idiom. In two instances, where the affinity of the idioms were unknown or doubtful, I have tried to establish their genealogical connection by etymological comparisons with neighboring idioms. A fact not mentioned in express words in my report is, that the commonly admitted affinity between the Yuma and the Pima dialects does not exist at all. Except a few similarly sounding terms, I have been unable to find any traces pointing in the direction of this theory, which was started only on account of the vicinity of both langnage-f ami lies; and, in fact, the Yuma stock of aborigines is thoroughly independent for itself, and disconnected from others, as well in race as in its form of speech. I remain, sir, most respectfully, your obedient servant, ALB. S. GATSCHET. Lieut. GEO. M. WHEELER, Corps of Engineers, in Charge. The territory visited in 1875 by that section of your expedition of which Dr. Oscar Loew was a member is inclosed by the Pacific Ocean on the west, the Colorado River on the east, and by the thirty- fifth parallel on the north. This wide- stretching, mountainous, or rugged section of Southern California is the abode of a number of Indian tribes, once numerous and powerful, whose dialects Dr. Loew has undertaken to study during the short stays made at each of the Indian settlements. On examining carefully his notations, vocabularies, and collections of sentences, which extend over eleven idioms, I have arrived at the following classification : The dialects studied by Loew belong to only three distinct families of aboriginal languages ; to the Santa Barbara, the Shoshonee, and the Yuma family. The family of Santa Barbara languages seems to extend only over a small portion of the coast and the interior, and a dialect of it was also spoken on Santa Cruz Island. Dr. Oscar Loew has studied the dialect of the Kasud, also called Cashwah or Cieneguita Indians, near Santa Barbara. The Shoshonee family extends over an enormous inland area, from the Columbia River, Montana, and the British Possessions, through the great interior basin, down to the southwestern corner of the United States. It comprises the idioms of the Bannocks or Pa- nasht, of the real Shoshonees or Snake Indians, the Utahs, the Pa- UtesorPayutes, the Kauvuyas or Cahuillos, the Comanches. Other languages, as that of the Kiowaa and Moquis, have borrowed so extensively from the Shoshonee stock of words, that they appear to be dialects of that family. The Shoshonee dialects studied by Dr. Loew in 1875 belong to two branches. Of the Kauvuya branch in California, he studied the Kauvuya, the Takhtam or Serrano, the Gaitchin or Kechi, and the Tobikbar; of the Payute dialects, he has transmitted notations from the Southern Payute and the Chemehuevi, spoken on Colorado River and west of it, and from the Western Payute, spoken in Mono and Inyo Counties, California. |
