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Show 322 During the field- season of 1875 you kindly gave me an opportunity to visit a number of localities in California that did not lie directly upon the route of Lieutenant Berg-land's party, to which I was attached, and I therefore availed myself gladly of any occasion to collect facte upon ethnology whenever the regular duties permitted me to do so. While on the expedition of Lieut. Bergland's party, the Payutes of Southern Nevada, the Hualapais of Northwestern Arizona, the Mohaves and Chemehoevis of the Colorado River Valley, the Kauvuyas and Takhtams of the vicinity of San Bernardino, were visited; and before the expedition started out, the Mission Indians of Santa Barbara and San Gabriel; and after the return from the field to Los Angeles, the Indians of San Juan Capistrano, San Diego, and of Mono and Inyo Counties, California, Vocabularies comprising from 200 up to nearly 400 words, and also sentences that may assist in establishing certain grammatical rules,* were collected of those languages, of which some have almost died out and now spoken by very few individuals, as is the case with the Kasntf of Santa Barbara and the Tobikhar of San Gabriel. While of some of the languages ( Mohave and Cbemehuevis) a long list of words was collected by Lieut. A. W. Whipple during his exploration for a Pacific railroad route in 1853; of others, over two to three dozen words were barely known, as with the languages of San Diego, San Juan Capistrano, and San Gabriel. Of others again, no vocabularies had been published to this time, viz, Kasu£, ( Santa Barbara,) Takhtam, ( Serranos of San Bernardino,} and the Western Payutes, ( Mono and Inyo Counties, California.) Hence I trust that the collection of vocabularies and seutenoes now made will prove of value and fill a gap in the philological knowledge of Indian idioms. THK MISSION INDIANS. The pious zeal of the Spanish priests drove them soon after the religious sobjngation of Mexico into Southern California, but up to the end of the seventeenth century they had but little success; many were murdered, stoned to death, or cremated alive. It was mainly in the eighteenth century that they gained considerable headway. Some of the mission churches were built in the present century; that of San Juan Capistrano in 1806, destroyed by an earthquake in 1812, has remained in ruins ever since; and that of San Bernardino was built in 1822, whose ruins are now used for a sheep-corral. 5i © transit gloria mundi ! Nearly all the missions, hardly over forty in number, were in the coast counties. The most important of them were San Diego, 8an Joan Capistrano, San Luis Rey, Los Angeles, San Fernando, Santa Barbara, San Lais Obispo, ana Monterey. The Mohaves, Turoas, and Cocopahs resisted all attempts at conversion ; they could not conceive the sometimes contradictory teachings of Loyola's followers, who preached different morals from what they praoticed, and it appears that the Mohaves, like the Moquis, became the more averse to the Christian religion the greater the zeal and energy of the Jesuits in forciug their belief upon them. The Padres generally tried to eradicate the original name of the tribes and substitute Spanish ones; the tribe of San Diego, for instance, is known under the name Dieguefios, and their original name is forgotten, but, as the language indicates, the tribe forms a branch of the Yuma stock. Just north of this tribe lives another, but speaking a very different language, and without a uniform tribal name. They occupy about a dozen ranches t situated between the coast and the Coahuila Valley. The tribal name Netela, mentioned by Buschmann appears to be unknown there, at least all my questions were answered in the negative by the Indians of San Juan Capistrano and San Luis Rey. The former call themselves Akh& tchma, the latter Jjtaitchim, ( the Ketohis of Buschmann,) but the Spanish names have here also taken root, the names 8an Juanedos, San Luisefios, & o., being frequently used. Their language is closely related to that of the Kauvuyas, ( Cowios, Coahuillas,) who live just east of theformer, and occupy a number of ranches in the San Jacinto Mountains and the adjacent Cabezon Valley. The Kauvuyas had also been converted by the Jesuits, and belo > ged. with the related tribe of the Takhtams,! to the mission of San Bernardino. One of tne Kauvuyas told me that their forefathers used to burn their dead, but the padres abolished that practice, saying that " the Great Spirit would be displeased," ( se enojaria Dios.) These Indians raise corn and watermelons, and serve as laborers with the whites. Another tribe lives at San Gabriel, a town nine miles east of Los Angeles, bat the full- blood, as well as the half- breeds, use more of the Spanish language than their own, which in known to some extent only by the two old chiefs living there. The name Kizh, given by Buschmann to this tribe, could not be verified with all my efforts; if this tribal name ever existed, it is now entirely forgotten. The old chief I visited called his tribe Tobikhar, or Spanish, Gabrilenos. He was probably over ninety years * The reader is referred to Gatschet's paper iu this report. ( App. II 16.) t Among them the lately much talked of Tem6cula. X Their Spanish name Serranos signifies " inhabitants of the Sierra,'' |