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Show 319 opened beneath a gigantic piece of whalebone, but several hours' work revealed nothing but broken bones, and it was abandoned and work resumed in No © . 1, 2, and 3. During the 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th, and 10th, the excavating was continued, resulting in the discovery of mortars, ollas, pipes, & c., and curiously enough in No. 3 of no fewer than 30 skeletons which had been buried in sea- sand, and under whioh were 3 fine stone spear- heads and some fragments of iron. In No. 2 were several large ollas and mortars, and near the head of a skeleton, presumably that of a female, some china cups and saucers of very ancient shape. The time allotted to these explorations having now nearly expired, the remainder of our stay was devoted to filling np holes and packing the specimens. The specimens were roughly estimated as weighing from 10 to 15 tons. Regarding the people of whom we have been speaking, and of whom no representative remains to tell of their history, but little could be learned; the crumbling bones and household gods we had so ruthlessly disturbed, were the only witnesses of the former existence of a once populous race; but beyond this they made no revelation, while careful examination of the entire literature of the Pacifio coast proved fruitless in throwing light on these early generations. All the writers who speak of. these aborigines, and it IB but fair to state that few, if any, of them were possessed of original information on the subject, ( having gathered their materials from Ferrel's narrative,) are of the opinion that they were friendly, peaceable, and inoffensive, which opinion is enforced by the absence in their graves of warlike implements to any extent. Cabrillo states that they were armed with bows, the arrows being pointed with flint heads, similar to those used by the Indians of New Spain; he also speaks of clubs, but mentions no other weapon. As to population, he states that on some of the islands there were no people, but tjiat others were densely populated; the former we have not been able to identify. The Indians told him they had occasionally suffered from the attacks of warriors armed like the Spaniards, and from the fact that toward the middle of the eighteenth century the mission priests of Santa Barbara removed their savage parishioners from the islands to the mainland to escape the ravages of the Russians and their Kodiak allies, it is supposed that this warfare had been going on for a number of years. As to the extent of the population, we can form an idea only from the number of burials, at different points, and villages, the names of which have been handed down to us through Cabrillo. At a rough guess, our party must have exposed at their main trenches the remains of no fewer than 5,000 individuals, and, from what we have subsequently learned, there are hundreds of these burial- places along the coast. With regard to the towns, the Indians informed Cabrillo that the whole coast was densely populated from the Pueblo de las Canoas to 12 leagues beyond the Cabo de Galera, ( Point Concepcion,) and gave him the names of these towns. To the northward of their city was Xuco, Bis, Sopono, Alloc, Xabaagna, Xocotoc, Potoptuc, Nacbuc, Omlqueme, Misinagua, Misisopano, Elquis, Colve, Mugu, Xagna, Anacbuo, Partocao, Susnqniy, Omanmu, Qna, Asimu, Agnen, Casilic, Tucumu, Incpupu. These towns were in the immediate vicinity of the Pueblo de las Canoas. Near the Cabo de Galera, or Point Concepcion, as it is at present called, was the pueblo named by Cabrillo, " Pneblo de las 8ardinas," in consequence of the great number ot small fishes taken by the natives. In the neighborhood of this pueblo were the villages of Xixo, Cincacut, Cincnt, Anacot, Maqumanoa, Paltated, Anacoat, Paltocao, Tooaui, Opia, Opisto-pia, Nocos, Yutum, Iuiman, Micoma, and Garomisopona. These towns or Tillages were ruled over by the aged queen to whom reference has been made, the cap* ital and seat of government said to have been Cincut. Cabrillo also gives us the names of some of the towns on the islands; for instance, on one of them, which he states is 15 leagues long, probably San Miguel, Niquipos, Maxul, Xugua, Nitre, Macano, Nimitapol. On other islands not intelligibly specified were the towns of Ciquimuymu, Nicalque, Limu, Zaco, Nimollolli, Nichochi, Coycoy, Estolooo, Niquesesquelua, Poele, Pisqueno, Pualnacatnp, Patiquin, Mnoo, Pali qn ilia, Nimumu, Piliaquay, and Lilibique. He also mentions that on an island south of Isle de la Pose-sion was one called Nicalque; on this were three towns, Nicoche, Coycoy, Coloco. From this extended list it may be inferred that a large population once lived in the region explored. With regard to the time that these people disappeared we can only conjecture. From the mission records it appears that in 1823, the total number of Indians in the vicinity of Santa Barbara was upward of 900, but this census embraced all Indians, and not alone those from the islands and sea- coast. In 1875, the year in whioh we write, not a soul can be found to give any information as to the ancient inhabitants of this part of the coast. There is a tradition that many years ago a Mr. Neidifer, while on a trip to the island of Santa Cruz, discovered there, much to his surprise, an aged bag, and that he removed her to Santa Barbara, but no one oould understand her language, and after a short time she died; also that she was a young girl at the time the Indians were removed to the mainland, and returning from the boats to seek her infant, in the hurry and confusion of the embarkation she was left behind; that when found she was clothed in furs ornamented with the feathers of birds. Doubtless this |