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Show 182 Acoma: f- atch, boy ; Qu : i- u- as. Ac : hani, pine tree; Qu : ha- anf. Ac: in a tee, blood ; Qu: m* i- atse. Isl: tloa, arrow ; Jem i ( sh-) tia. Teh: ko- oa, leaf; Jem: ha- a. Isl: panto, five ; Teh : pano. Epi thesis or Apocope: Teh: hua, egg; Moq: ( ne-=) hu. Jem : pe- el, heart; Isl: brfa. Jem: nono, here; Isl: nut:. Nasalizing: Tsuque: au', foot; Teh. I: ung; Teh. II: a; Isl: en. Isl: opeo, girl; Jem: umpe (- kule). Teh. II: gasua, to drink; Isl: ftsui. Most Pueblo languages are deficient in some of the sounds occurring in Aryan and Semitic tougues; gs, A* ( r), and < fo, Is (:). seldom occur, the latter being generally replaced by tch. In Qudres, tch replaces * and ts; sh and k are'very often met with: ti, so frequent in Aztec, we find only in Isleta and Taos. Though the Pueblo languages exhibit many mutual affinities in etymology, they ate nevertheless totally differing among themselves, and on examination not one of the decisive terms meutioned above will be found to agree in ail. The numeral three disagrees only in • Que'rcs, four in Moqai. Names of colors all terminate in - i in Isleta, ( as do many adjectives,) most of them in Tehua, and iu - ri in Moqui. Words that agree in the majority of the Pueblo dialects are: the pronouns / and mine; the numerals two, three, four; water, bird, stone, leaf; sun, head, squash. It is very probable that * « n aud squash were compared to a head on account of their circular shape, and were called by the same word. All Pueblo languages are in possession of a large stock of words entirely of their own, which do not allow of any comparison with terms of equal or similar meaning in other Pueblo idioms, or in Yuma, Pima, Ute, Apache, Shoshone, or any other neighboring idiom. But the number of words in which an affinity is traceable is perhaps as large; aud if we had sufficient material from which to construct grammars, we should probably find many close and striking affinities. We subjoin a number of lexicographic correspondences between aboriginal and Pueblo languages and their respective headings. The Pueblos have borrowed very few terms from the Spaniards, French, and other European settlers, and even objects, as horse, rifle, gun, gunpowder, money, coffee. soap, bread, sugar, are in many instances rendered by Indian and not by imported terms. In this respect the vocabulary of the Comanches published by Buschmaun ( Vblker und Sprachen, Xeu Mexicos) is of great interest, for notwithstanding their continual intercourse with Mexicans, they have adopted almost no words from them, ( ex.: casa, buffalo lodge.) The cause of this is probably the intense hatred of all the southwestern tribes for the Mexican people. The Pueblos adopted from them karayo, horse; lengi, tongue, ( Moq:) binto, wine; bunto, mule; jwlomo, pigeon, ( Tehua;) and some others. ISLETA. The dialect, of this Pueblo is most closely related with that of Jemez, somewhat less with that of Taos, and still less with that of Tehua. In some instances, Isleta exhibits more complete and probably older forms than Jemez; agrees with it in most terms for parts of the human body and for degrees of consanguinity, in a few names of plants and in most minerals, but differs in names of animals and in colors. With Tehua it coincides in five numerals, iu most colors, and terms for limbs of the human body. With Taos, the coincidence in the numerals is more striking than in the terms for parts of the body, but both dialects exhibit for the latter, and for the degrees of cousanguinity, an ending which seems to be of a common origin, (- ida\- odit, in Isl.; - tf, - trf in Taos.) aud certainly has an emphatic and demonstrative signification. A similar ending is found among the Dakotas and other northern tribes. Isleta has very few words in common with Apache, Yuma, and Qnc'res dialects, apparently none with Moqui, but some with Zuni, and many important oues with Kiowa. It abounds with the sounds sh} tch, tl, and with nasal vowels; / occurs loss often than ?, and r is rarely met with. Zuni words cognate to Isleta : tlate, canoe: Z: thldloni. panidlf, snow; Z: upinaive. ka- fiv, moccasins; Z: mokuovi. to- uinidn, winter; Z: to'anaye, autumn. Kiowa words related to Isleta: uatuai, town ; K: ttioi. |
