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Show 176 of the Aztecs, some of whom remained on the Gila, while the majority marched on farther south. Some writers maintain that the Pueblos of New Mexico know nothing of Montezuma. In this they err; the Pueblos worship hiin next to the sun ; at least I was so informed in Jemez. It is true that, with the Moqui Indiaus of Arizona, I could make out nothing on this point, a negative answer bciug given on my asking them whether they knew anything of Montezuma; but the pantomimes bet weeu the interrogated persons led me to suspect that in so answering they did not tell the truth. These Indians are very careful in regard to communicating their beliefs, feariug that thereby tbey may have inflicted upon them another Jesuit Mission, of which they have had a sufficiency: they therefore outwardly appear as Catholics, although they heartily hate this religion. The fact that the Aztecs in Old Mexico had a monarohial government, while that of all the Pueblos of New Mexico was republican, is certaiuly not an argument against the theory that they came from New Mexico. Changes in form of government are more easily accomplished by some people than by others, and are especially easy when a single great man kuows how to successfully lead the masses. The. Aztecs might, have confided their government to the family of Montezuma from feeliugs of gratitude or adoration. Nor does the fact that the Aztecs in Old Mexico had some customs and a style of building different from the Pueblos of New Mexico suffice as a proof against the above assertiou, since the Aztecs on entering Old Mexico found tribes already there, with whom they mixed, and, as a consequence, lost some of their original features. During your expedition of last year I had occasion to visit the ruius ot Pueblo Bonito, at the head of Canon de Chaco. The desolation of the surroundiug land is in keeping with that of the habitations of the pueblo, while lizards and ants roaming amid the rubbish of the past, the crying crow nestling between the walls, and the fallen stones tell of the flight of time; but silent and mute is the ruin, no inscription telling the tale of former joys or sorrows within these crumbling walls. The ruins consist of one large building with a yard surrounded by a wall, which forms a square whose sides are nearly 200 feet long; the doors of the building open on this yard. The walls are 1£ to 2 feet thick, and are built of plates of sandstone, like those found in the immediate vicinity. The south and west sides of the square form the three- story building which descends in terraces toward the interior of the square, the 6ecoud series of rooms forming two stories, the third series one story. The lowest story is 7 feet high, the middle one 9, and the uppermost 6. The most exterior row has ten rooms in the length, and therefore thirty in the three stories; these rooms measuro 20 feet long by ti feet wide. The roomsof the upper story of second ( two- story) roware of the same length, but double the width of the former, while those of the first story of this row are subdivided, thus making twenty rooms, and, therefore, thirty altogether, in too second row. Into the apartments of this lower story no ray of light could enter, and they were probably larders, or rooms for prov isions. The rooms of the most i uteri or, or one- story, row were 20 feet long by 9 wide, aud thus we have on one side fifty habitable rooms, or altogether one hundred, as there are two sides of the square forming the building. If we take it as probable that every room was inhabited by a family of four persons, the former population would have been 400. The rooms were all connected by openings in the walls 3 feet by 2; the window- openings were of about 2 square feet. The wood used for the construction of the doors and windows was juniper, which grows profusely on the sandy mesas, requiring but little moisture; it is in a good state of preservation. As no steps were found leading to the upper story, the ascent was probably made by ladders, as is still the custom among the Pueblos of New Mexico. In the southern corner of the yard are the walls of two cylindrical buildings, 20 and 30 feet in diameter, having six pillars ou the periphery, equidistant, most likely romnantsof the eafa/ o*, or temples, in which the sun was worshiped. The bottoms of these buildings were about 3 feet lower than the surroundiug yard. Pieces of painted pottery, an article seen in exceedingly many localities in NewMexico, wore found scattered about profusely; fragments of this were also found by yourself aud parties even on the heights of the Sierra Blanca in Arizona, on the Mogollon mesa in the San Francisco Mountains, on Mount Taylor in the Canon de CheUc*, and, in short, everywhere, in deserts as well as on the forest- covered peaks. I searched the surrounding ground for the former burying- place, but in vain. The discovery of a few skulls would have been interesting for examination. No trace of former irrigating- ditches can be found in the neighboring valley of the Chaco, but there are traces of a former road to Abiquiu, sixty miles off, where ruins have also been found, two in the immediate vicinity and three between Abiqniu and EL Kito. Dr. Yarrow fin charge of division No. 6) made excavations in these ruins, aud in the old buryiug- gronnd about four miles below Abiquiu, on the Cham a. The province of Jemez.- Ono of the most interesting pueblos is Jemez, on the river of that name, sixty miles southwest of Santa Fe. This town has a language of its own, and one which is unintelligible to any other tribe. About forty years ago the then existiug pueblo of Pecos, ou tho Rio Pecos, used the same dialect, but the inhabitants, becoming reduced in number, joined the pueblo of Jemez, which is one of tho |