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Show 18 MESSRS. SCLATER AND SALVIN ON [Jail. 2, TABLE III. (continued). P. Rangifer tarandus. S. C. antisiensis. Qa1. Cariacus virginianus. T. C. leucotis. Qa2. C. mexicanus. Va1. C. nemorivagus. Qa3. C. leucurus. Va2. C. simplicicornis. Qa4. C. macrotis. Va3. C. rw/ws. Qa5. C. columbianus. Va4. C. superciliaris. Ra1. Cerrws campestris. W. Z^rfwa humilis. Ra2. C. paludosus. This synoptical sketch of the affinities of the different species the Deer tribe expresses much more with reference to the mutual relationships of its component members than could be done by the employment of the binomial nomenclature. For instance, taking the Barasingha Deer, here expressed by Ca2. In that it is of the C group, its close affinities to the Sambur, Axis, and Hog-Deer is asserted. C being next to B (Elaphine), its not great distance from the Elaphinae is expressed; whilst, although the Reindeer and the Long-tailed Deer have their antlers developed on very similar types, the distance of their relationship is signified by their alphabetical interval-that between C and P or Q. Further, in that Rucervus duvaucelii is represented by Cd2, the d proves that there are other genera closely allied to it, namely a, b, and c, at the same time that, as there is a figure appended, it is to be inferred that there is more than a single species in the genus. On the whole, I know no so concise a way of expressing the relationships of species. As to the affinities of the genera here expressed, some are more certainly based than others. Capreolus caprea is one of the most difficult of the Deer tribe to localize; and I have placed it not far from Cervulus on account of the configuration of its glans penis. Dama vulgaris, as well as Dama mesopotamica, from the shape of their antlers-neglecting the palmation, an evidently insignificant character-are intimately allied to the Pseudaxine group; and, as the late Mr. Blyth has so satisfactorily demonstrated, there is no reason why Eld's Deer should be in any genus other than that in which the Barasingha is situated. The abnormal furcation of the antlers of Elaphurus davidianus renders it extremely difficult to place that species in any definite position among the Old-World Cervidae. 2. Descriptions of eight new Species of South-American Birds. By P. L. S C L A T E R , M.A., Ph.D., F.R.S., and OSBERT SALVIN, M.A., F.R.S. [Received January 2, 1877.] (Plate I.) During our past year's work on the specimens in our Cabinets, we have found it necessary to designate by M S . names the following |