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Show TH OL WATERMARK 32 mark was used from about 1690, when the mill was established until sometime during the year 1704, when Bradford was induc to part with his share in the paper mill. In 1706 the property wa in full possession of Rittenhouse, The second papermark to b Pensizvani No. 20 The sccond watermark adopted by the Rittenhouse paper mil adopted by this pioncer mill was the monogram WR, the initial of the principal founder, on one half of the sheet of paper, whil on the other half appeared a clover-leaf inside a shicld which wa surmounted by a crown. Underneath the shield, in outline letters was the word "Pensilvania." The shield and crown device display a great deal of Dutch and French influence, as watermarks of thi style had been used by carly papermakers in Holland, adopted b them from France where the device had been used as a papermar as carly as 1460. This emblem was an evolution of the bull's hea watermark as previously explained. The crown and shield wit three fleurs-de-lis constituted the arms of France, and this devic was frequently used as a watermark by the papermakers of th Low Countries, probably in reference to the direct descent of th House of Burgundy from the Kings of France. Papermarks o this character may be found in the paper used by William Caxton the first printer in England, whose paper was procured from th Low Countries. The clover-leaf; trefoil, or "Klee-blatt," which Rit town-mark or scal of the village of Germantown, a settlement no Digital Imag © 2004 University of Utah. All rights reserved |