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Show ECHINODERMATA. $36 The Echini chiefly feed on small shell-fish, which they seize with their feet. Their motions are very slow. Shells of Echini are very abundant in the ancient strata, principally those of chalk, where they are usually filled with silex. The Echini should be divided into regular and irregular. In the first, EoHINUS, Lam.-CIDARIS, Klein. Or Echinus properly so called, the shell is generally spheroidal, the mouth in the middle of the inferior surface, and the anus diametrically opposite. The little foramina are arranged in ten bands, approximated by pairs, that extend regularly from the mouth to the anus, like the meridian lines of a globe. Certain species are furnished with large and stout spines of vari-ous forms, placed on large tubercles on their shell, the bases of which are surrounded by other but smaller spines(l ). It is among these species, as ascertained by M. Deluc, that we must place those whose olive-like spines are often found petrified in chalk, and other ancient formations, called pien·es judaiqttes(2). The most common species, and particularly those of the coast or France, are merely furnished with slender spines, articulated on small tubercles that are much the most numerous. Such is the E. esculentus, L.; Klein., Lesk., I, A, B; Encyc. 132. The common Echinus is of the form aad size of an apple, completely covered with short, radiating and usually violet spines. Its ovaries, which are reddish, and of an agreeable flavour, are edible in the spring. The neighbouring species are distinguished with difficulty, by the greater or less approximation of the bands of holes, the equality or inequality of the tubercles, Stc.(3) (1) Echinus mammillatm, L.; Seb., III, xiii, 1-4; Encyc., pl. 138,139, and the naked shell, lb., 138, 3, 4;-The different species approximated under the name of Ech. cidaris, Scill., Corp. Mar. Tab., xxii; Seb., III, xiii, 8, &c. ;-Eel£. verlicillatw, Lam.; Encyc., 136, 2, 3;-Ech. tribuloi'des, Id., Encyc., lb., 4, 5;-Ech. pi8tillaril, Id., Encyc., 137;-Ech. stellatus, L.; Seb., m, xiii, 7;-Ech. a..aneifqrmi8, Id.,Ib., 6;-Ech. saxatilis, Id., lb., 10;-Ech. calamariua, Pall.; Spicil. Zoot., X, ii, 1-7. (2) See the Letters from .Switzerland of Andre~, pl. XV, and the Memoir of M. Deluc, Mem. des Sav. Etrang., IV, 467. N.B. The naked shells are distinguished with difficulty; such are the Ech. ezea. vatus, L.; Scill., Corp. Mar., xxii, 2, D;-Ech. ovarius, Bourguet., Petrif., LII, :344, 347, 348. (3) Ech. miliari8, Kl., II, A, B; Encyc., 133, 1, 2;-Ech. hemispherictJI, KI., U, PEDICELLATA. 337 m.s T hehde breyg au lwariditey fuo f certain round and depressed Echl'nl· l·s dl'ml·- rrow on one side(l) . Some of these E c h l· m· , where the mo•u th i . mstead of having a spheroidal form o . s opposite to the anus, versely oval, that is to say one of ;h a. Circular plane, are trans-grTea ter than the other(2)• ' eir horizontal diameters 1. s hey also differ among themsel b of the spines, and the relative pro;:.~t' y the equality or inequality We should distinguish o ~ons of the tubercles. ne spec1es-Ech · t eye., 140, 1-4-in which th .d mua a ratua, L.; En- 1 e Wl ened s · angu ar at the extremity t h pmes, truncated and ment. Those of them' ~uc ealch other like stones in a pave We call all those Ech' .• argm are ong and flattened. - • lnl Irregular in whi h h stte to the mouth. It appears that ~h c t e anus is not oppo-short and slender spines, almost like ha~y are merely furnished with the mouth in the middle of th b ~~"'s. Of these, some still have d' e ase. 1hey may b b . cor mg to the extent of the b d f e su divided ac-sometimes, as in the TM'eced' an s o holes that transmit the feet· . r· wg ones the d f ' a pomt directly opposite, where aft ' h ~ exten rom the mouth to they reunite. ' er avmg clasped the whole shell , EoHINONEus, Phels. and Leske. Where we observe the round or oval t the mouth in the middle of th b orm of certain regular Echini d e ase and th b . , an the margin, or near the latt b' e anus etween the mouth er, ut underneath(3). E; Encyc., lb., 4;-Ech. anguloBUB Kl exu:vatua, Kl., XLIV, 3, 4; Encvc. ,lb ., ll, ~' B, ~; Encyc., lb., 5, 6, 7;-Eclt. which belongs to the preceding s:cti~~~· 9E:~ry dtffe~·~nt from Scill., XXII, 2, D, 134, 5, 6; Ech. aaxatilis, B Seb Ill ...,. ... 1 . _aaxattlzs, Kl., V, A, ll; Encyc th d' ' '' , ... Ill 0 lSV d'ffi ., me prec~ mg section;-Ech. feneatratus, 'Kl. , IV lry . 1 erent, and belongs to 'C. n .• Encyc., 134, 1, 2;-Ech. diadema it , 'B,-Ech. subangularia, Id., &h. radwtua, Seb., Ill xiv 1 2 E , ., XXXVII, l; Encyc 133 10 10;-Ech. coronalia Kl' VIII' 'A ;B ncyc. 140, 5, 6;-Ech. circinnatu;' Kl 'XL;V ' ·' ' ' · Encyc 140 ' ., F; Encyc., 140, 9;-Ech. sardicua,' Kl., IX .,A B· 7 ~ 8;-Ech. aateri8ans, Kl., vnr: mew, Kl., X, A; Encyc 141 3· Ech '. ' ' ncyc., 141, 1, 2;-Ech fia 5· E h l ., ' ,- . vanegatua Kl X B ~ . m- ,- c .granu atus, Kl., XI, F· Enc c ' ., ., , C; Encyc., 141 4 E, Encyc. 142 4 5 &c. I d , thy ., 142, 1, 2;-Ech. toreumaticus Kl x' n' ' ' ' • • 0 no ow ever t d ' ·' • , nymes, or to assert that there are no r t' . pre en to answer for all the syno (1) E h · epe tt10ns. - c . s-tnuatus, Kl., VIII, A. Enc c 1 (2) Ech. lucunter Kl II E T.• 's y ., 42, 7, 8. 17 and 8. ' ., ' ' r.' eb ·• X ' 16 ' and the species figured · s b (3) 0 1 . m e ., lb., vVao Lsp. ecIieVs: .-E2ch iSn us cyclostomus ' MUll ., Zool. Dan., XCI, 5, 6; Encyc., |
