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Show 332 ECHINODERMATA. . t ·na- angle in each side of the In others t h ere 1· s a slight re-en eri o pentagon( 1). hich approximates them to a stel- The sides of some are concave, w . lated figure(2). d the ovaries are not so elon- . ies the creca an In these various spec . h their rays elongated and sepa-gated as in most of those which ~ve angles. Such are 1 rlted re-entermg rated by strong Y ma CXIII 1 2. Extremely common on .9... rubens, L.; Encyc., 'u~h so that in some districts the whole coast of France, so m . ' 1 d to manure the sOil. they are emp oye . XXXVIII 6g. Encyc. CVII and .9... glacialis, L. i L~nkf., tly mo~e th~n a foot in diameter. Tl · ecies 1s requen CVIll. . llS hsipc h .m vest t }1 e sup erior part of its body are SUr· The spmes w . f fl. by tubes which compose a sort of rounded by a multitude o es · und their base. cuslnon ro L' k VI VII XXIII. Encyc. CX; Egypt • .11. aurantiaca, L.; m ., ' ' · f 'the European seas• . 1 . 1 The largest species o • ' Eclnn., P • lV, · f . 'shed with pieces arranged like h d es of its rays are ui 01 • t e e g 1 . h t ong and movable spines are articu- . tones on w :uc s r · · 1 pavmg s ' f h erior surface is covered w1th htt e 1 t d The whole o t e sup d( ) a .e • . d b a truncated and bristly hea 3 . spmes, termmate Y fi (4) Their creca and ova- Some species have more than ve rays • ries are very short. . . wh'lch the rays are destitute d te those spec1es m We shou~ s~para . ve underneath for receiving the feet; gene-of the longitudmal gi oo h 11 d the stomach is not prolonged 1 h avs are not o ow, an . . · ral y, t ese r ' f b t its prominences remam m thelr h · the form o creca, u into t em m . . . . lly effected by the curves and mo· . 1 Locomotion lS prmclpa f h mterva s. h £ t which are too few or t at tions of the rays, and not by t e ee ' purpose. r.. • k I 2·-./1. rosacea, Lam.; Encyc., XCIX, 2, 3. (1) .!lsterias membranacea, Lm ., ' ' L' k XXIII 37 XXIV 39; Encyc., . lat c and D Lam.· m ., ' ' ' (2) .flstertas tesse a, var.. ' : L' k. XXXIII, 53; Encyc., Cl, CII; 97 and 98, 1, 2;-A. equ~tns, L. and;-~: 'En~~c: C, 61 7;-A. militaria, Mull., -.11. reticulata, Lam.; Lmk.'' XLI, b II~ 14 15· Encyc. C, 1, 3:-.11. nodola, Zool. Dan.' CXXXI;-A· nunuta, Se . ' ' vI , , ' Link., II, III, VIT; Encyc., CV, CVI. .9. • lace~ lb. LXVI;-A. echi· (3) Add .a. rosea, Mull., Zool. DanC.,XLIXXV211;3·-~m:ariol~ta, ~am.; Link., Vfil, . L . L' k IV 7· Encyc., • ' ' · n mphora, am., _m ., ' I,_ . t L' k XXVIII 47· Encyc., CXX;-.a· &tpo- 10; Encyc., Ibid., 4, 5;-A. ut;Vtga a, m ., ' , sita, Link., IX, 16; Encyc. CXlJ, l, 2. 54 Enc c CVII 3, 4, 6, 7;-.B. (4) Ast. paposa, Link., XVII, 28, XXXIV, ; YE, ~VII A-C;-.8.· ec ht.n t't"o"o ' Lam ·,. Solander and Ellis, Coral.' LX-LXII; nc.yc., ' ltelianthus, Lam.; Encyc., CVIII and CIX •. PEDICELLATA. 333 Those, which have five non-ramous rays round a central disk, form the 0PHIUR1E of M. Delamarck; but we should also distinguish Those in which these rays are furnished 001 each side with movable spines; the little fleshy feet also issue from each side between the origin of those spines(1); and Those in which there are none of these lateral spine8, but where the rays are covered with imbricated scales, and resemble tails of serpents. The central disk, in each interval of its rays, and on the side where the mouth is placed, is marked by four holes which extend into the interior of the animal, serving perhaps for respiration, or, according to the others, for the issue of the ova. Their only feet are in five short grooves, which form a star round the mouth(2). The GoRGONOOEPHALE, Leach( :J), called EuRYALES by M. de Lamarck, are those in which the rays are dichotomously divided. In some this division commences at the base of the rays, presenting the appearance of a bundle of serpents-they are commonly called Medusa's Head(4). There are two preceding holes at the base of each ray. In others, however, this division only commences at the end of the ray, and is not often repeated(5). We should also separate the ALEOTo of Leach, called CoMATULA by M. de Lamarck. They have five large articulated rays, each of which is divided into two or three, bearing two ranges of articulated threads; these five rays are attached to a petrous disk also furnished, on the side opposite to the mouth, with one, two or three ranges of articulated threads with· out branches, shorter and more slender than the large rays, and by which the animal is said to fix itself. The sac which contains the viscera iR situated in the centre of the large rays, opening by a stel- (1) ./lat. nigra, Mull., Zool. Dan., d, XCIII;-.11.. tricolor, lb., XCVII; .fl. fragilia, Ib.,XCVIII;-.Il.filiformia? Ib.,LIX;-J.l. aculeata, Link., XXVI, 42; MUll., Zool. Dan., XCXIX;-Ophiura echinata, Lam.; Encyc., CXXIV, 2, 3;-0ph. ciliaris, lb., 4, 5;-0ph. lumbricalis, lb., 1. (2) .llsterias ophiura, L.; Ophiura lacerta, L:tm., Encyc. CXXIll, 1, CXXII;Oph. texturata, Id.; Link., II., 4; Encyc. CXXIII, 2, 3;-0plt. cuspidifera, Lam.? Encyc., cxxn, 5-B. (3) Zool. Miscel., No. 16, p. 51. (4) J.lsterias caput Medusre, L., (Euryaleasperom) Lam.; Link., XX, 32; Encyc. CXXVli;-Euryale muricatum, lb .. , CXXVIII and CXXIX;-.!lsteria, euryale, Gm. (Euryale costosum) lb., CXXX; Link., XXIX and XXX. (5) Euryalepalmiferum, Lam., Encyc., CXXVI. |