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Show 340 EClliNODERMAT A. with an oval base conca,ve underneath. The contour is sometimes slightly angular( l ). b ck is elevated(2). Sometimes the middle of t~e ah ntour is not angular(3). There are some a l so ·1n wh1ch t e cob ' cular-LAGANUM, Ki.f, 4) In And others in whl. c ll 1' t 1's almost or 1 L m -EoHINOOYAMus, Leske, FrBULARIA, a • f Clypeaster, a n almost glo. bular .b ody, We observe the rosette o . d b neath. The Flbularlre are with the mouth and anus appropriate e generally very small( 5). In SPATANGus, Lam. KI. find the lateraI m outh of the AnanchiteTs,h a nd On the contrary, we 1' • a rosette on the back. ere incomplete ban d s 0 f pores 1ormhm g that extends towar d s t he are usual ly but four of them; t e one • mouth is obliterated. 1 shell without furrows(6). Some-BRrssornEs, Kr• - have an ova . h d' 1 strongly marked, m t e I- f more or ess Others have a urrow' Wh n they are oval they con· rection of the obliterated band(7). . :his furrow is deep and the Kl • but sometimes stitute the BRrssus, . ! the figure of a heart(8). shell is widened, assummg ( 1) Ech. rosaceus, an d its varieties, Encyc., 143, 1 - 6·, 144' 7' 8·, 147, 3, 4, taken from Klei.n, &c. IX 1 2 (2) Ech. altus, Scill., Corp. Mar., ' ' . 144 1 2·-Ech. reticulatus, Seb., (3) Ech. oviformis, Seb., lll, x, 2~-;!;::c;yrijor:nis,' Kl., LI, 56; Encyc. 159, "'3 24 35-38; Encyc., 141, 5, ' XV,.<.' ' b XV 11 12? p t 'f LIII 352·-Ecl£. laganum, Se ., ' ,(4) Echinus orbiculatus, llourg., e riM., v'III 1' 3·-Ech. orbicularis, Gualt., 25, 26;-Ech. subrotu nd us ?. Scill ., Cohr p .Moanr ., Diluv' ., 'I I, ' E, ii, 8. T t ex B·-Eclt. corollatus, Wale ., · 153 24_28·-Eclt. latltyrm, es ., • ' lll 2 a e· Encyc., ' ' (5) Ech. nucleus, Kl., XLV ' ,6 •10:-Ech. craniolaria~ Pall., Spicil. Zool., Kl., XLVlli, 1, a, e; Encyc., 154, ' ' IX, 1, 24; Encyc., 154, 1-~, &"c. 6 X 22, ab. 19; Encyc., 158,7-11, 159, (6) Eel£. teres, Seb.~ II~, :xw, .,, 4, 5~~ .. ~. Encyc., 259, 4;-Eclt. amygdJJla, Kl., 1 2 3 &c.·-Eclt. brisso'ides, Kl., XX ' ' . ' ' , ' 8 10 7 11 XXIV' h, i; Encyc., 159, ' . . 4 5 6 X, 22, ab. 19; Encyc., 158, -. ' (.,) Ech. S'flatangua, Seb., III, XLV, 3, , ' , 156 9 10·-Spat. suborbtcu· -r d' t Kl XXV· Encyc., , ' ' b 6 159 1 2 3 &c.·-Ech. ra taus, ., ' . . 5·-S'flat. omatus, I ., . ' ' ' ' , . de Par 2d edltlon, v, ' -r hich laris, Cuv., and Brongn., ~nvir. l Da~' VI;-Eclt. jlavucerza, Id., XCI, tow (8) Ech. purpureua, Mull., Zoo. ., PEDICELLATA, 341 Species of these two last forms are found in European seas. Their mouth is surrounded with ramous tentacula like that of the Holothurire. HoLOTHURIA, Lin. The Holothurire have an oblong coriaceous body open at each end. At the anter~or extremity is the mouth, surrounded with complicated tentacula susceptible of being entirely retracted. At the opposite end is the aperture of a cloaca in which the rectum and organ of respiration terminate, the latter in the form of an extremely ramified hollow tree, which is filled with water, or emptied, at the will of the animal. The mouth is edentate, or merely furnished with a circle of bony pieces; it receives saliva from certain sac-like appendages. The intestine is very long, variously flexed, and attached to the sides of the body by a mesentery; there is a sort of partial circulation in an extremely complex and double system of vessels, entirely restricted to the intestinal canal, and in a portion of the meshes with which one of the two arborescent organs abovementioned is intertwined. There also appears to be a very attenuated nervous cord round the esophagus. The ovary is composed of a multitude of blind and partly ramous vessels, all terminating in the mouth by a small common oviduct; at the period of gestation they become enormously distended, and are filled with a red and grumous substance that appears to be the ova. Excessively extensible strings, inserted near the anus, appear to constitute the male ol'gans of generation, and consequently, these animals are hermaphrouites. When disturbed, it frequently happens that they contract so violently as to rupture and protrude their intestines(!). The Holothurire may be divided according to the arrangement of their feet. In some, they are all situated in the middle of the under part of the body, that forms a softer disk on which the animal crawls, turning up the two extremities, in which are the head and anus, that are narrower than the middle. The anus in particular terminates almost in a point. Their tentacula, when developed, are very large. H. phantapus, L.; MUll., Zool. Dan., CXXII, CXXIII, Stockh. Mem., 1767. The envelope almost squamous; the feet we should probably refer several of the shells united under Ech. lacunosua, such as Seb., Ill, x, 21; Encyc., 156, 7, 8. (1) For the anatomy of the Holothuri~, see the excellent work of M. Tiedemann already quoted. |
