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Show COURSE OR STUDY. In the carpentbr shop an expsrienced boy may be given the charge of a number of small ones, and with the supervision of the carpenter give them exercises in (1) measuring, ( 2 ) properly driving in nails. He should give lessona~lslsoin the proper ,method of yithdrawing a nail, boring holes, using the jack plane, the smoothing plane, the jolnter plane, and the block plane. Give talks on materials; care of tools; difference in woods-their relative d u e ; ascertaining of the age of timber by counting the r i n ~fsro m the center of the tree to the hark; the d n g of drawinfis; the care of lathe and names of psrts. It is expected that students will o the general repair work of the buildings and the furniture connected therewith; also that they shall amst on new work, snch as making tables, chairs, settees, rockers, desks, shelves, etc. Bpvs will enjoy making modelsof buildings. It is well toinstrnot the Indian boy in mending and making furniture! for with this ability he can easily make many pieces of suh-stantial furniture for his home, and thereby add to its heanty and comfort. In Indian schools it is advisab e for carpenters to know something about plas-tering, that they may be able to teach pupils how to apply the scratch coat of plastering, the brown coat, and the hard finish. In bricklaying, teach pupils how to handle the trowel and how to spread mor-tar; to lay bricks properly, so that the joints are neatly painted; the properties of mortar and cement and how they should Ire mixed. When new bnildings are in process of erection, or old ones being repaired, the boys should he actively engaged in the work and do a large share of it. The greatest stress must be laid on p!ain house building, including foundations, walls, arches, and chimneys. Lessons in making mortar and on llme and cement and brickmaking must be given in connection with thia work. A course in hlack-smithing lihould go with this work. Special stress must he laid on bnildin and repairing fences, and repairing honses and outbuildings necessary on a7arm; also to repair work on wagons and other vehicles. Pifth gear.-Have pupils compute the cast of and estimate the amount of lnm-ber necessary to build a honse of two rooms complete. Have them eatimate for the weatherboarding of a house of one room; of two rooms; four rooms. Esti-mate the cost and amount of lath needed for houses of differpnt sizes. The cost of shing'es and the number required for roofs of varions sizes will give good. drill. Havethem find the ooat and amonnt of lumberr uired to erectthe frames of houses of a number of sizes. Find the number of?& of lumber needed to floor the different rooms of hanaeg of given sizes. The amount and cost of lumber for door and window frames, also for doors, will be mother practical question. The luml>er for board walks of different lengths and for fences should also be found. Have them describe the quality of lumber required for the different pnr-poses. Estimate the cost and amount of lumber reqnired to build barns. chicken houses, and other ontbuildings neededan afarm. Ability to compute readily the amonnt and cost of lumber needed for a specific purpose will he of inestima-ble value to the boy in the carpenter shop, and the help the class room gives him in this direction will materially aid him in his work at the bench. Conelusion.-Keep in mind the fnturoenvironmentof the child and that teaching is of little value that 1s not practical and usetnl. When fences are to be built or relyaired the bovs should do mast of tho work. Indeed. when anv reoairine is to he'dons. walks iaid, or any repair* alout tho institotion, give tlia w'ork ~ n i oth e handaof pnpils. If a new building is in process of erwtlon an ol,portunity of the ntmont vdne oresents itself to the cmentw imtl his uuuila. Di;icu~n r,lann wlth Ei~roe;ngo boys to ilan for the future: let them exprean their views ns to low-tloris, materials. srmctnres, etc.: get their interest nroosed to think and plan inden~nclmrlv. Arithmetic and r.aroentrv wlll aid each other. In th~eonstruotion of il iiugle h;r~qe tht>carptmter isoh'ligad.to solve problems involving nearly every arithmetical process. Give problems in computirrg the qntintityof lumber rtqnired for i.tviue several walks. takine thus" arauncl the school boildinm 8saramnles. anJ hivi;~ the ohildren mess& them. (iive problems in figuring the qountlt" of earth necessary to he excavated for II cellar, theperrhnof stooein the wnlt. the alnounr of lahor required for floors. Inth, nla!ter. and nnmr for the walls i~ndce ilinas. bricks for the chimnev. ehineles for the roof: Thenhave them compnte the co& of each kind of matercii anduthe entirecost of the building, the barns, and outbuildings. Teach pupils to save their money in order that they may have something with which to build their houses and other buildings when they bean life for them- |
