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Show nations. In the first two nations, under section 29 of the above-quoted act, relating to the revenues arising from coal and asphalt in their limits, a complete control was assumed, so far as those schools were concerned, which were supported out of these revenues. The general supervision of schools in the several nations was exercised through a United States superintendent of schools in Indian Territory and four supervisors. Important changes have been made during the past three years of Government supervision. At first viewed with suspicion, this feeling has gradualiy worn away until harmonious relations have been estab-lished, and these Indians have begun to realize that the old order must pass away and that the Department is only actuated by a desire to properly prepare these people for their inevitable transition into American citizens. The anomalous conditions existing in Indian Ter-ritory could not be permitted much longer, and it was the duty of the General Government to make that transition as early as possible and with the least hardship upon those affected thereby. As stated by one of these o5cials- By the aid of a liberal supply of patience, we have been able to effect many changes and improvements and to convince the tribal officials that in the upbuilding of the school there is abundant work for all of us. As each nation hail separate and distinct laws and cnstoms relating to the management of itb schools, general control has been modified to meet those conditions, but in the main the educational work may be said to be carried on through the medium of orphan asylums, board-ing schools, day or neighborhood schools, contract denominational institutions, public schools, and private seminaries. So far as may he consistent, tribal traditions, cnstoms, and laws have been adapted to the new order established. The superintendent of schools has held during the past year normal summer schools for each of the respective nations. These indispensi-ble adjuncts to a successful teacher's equipment have grown in favor with pupils, patrons, and employees. At first looked upon with dis-favor, their effectiveness is now appreciated, evidencing the wise man-agement of Superintendent Benedict. Generally speaking, the nepotism and favoritism in appointment of teachers and other employees have passed away, and the Indian parent has been prompt to recognize the resultant benefit to his children. The morale of the force has been elevated and competent employees secured. A brief resume of educational work in the Choctaw, Chickasaw, Creek, and Cherokee nations will be separately presented. Choctaw Nation.-As the schools in t h i ~n ation were supported entirely from the royalties on coal and asphalt within its limits, their |