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Show COURSE O@ STUDY. 431 lesson in self-reliance and enabling them to gain power from the stsrt. Before making the benches, draw the design on paper, thus showing them the impor-tmce of planningand originating intelligently and systematically. A good vise should also he made by the koys, and this can be done with very crude material and hnt little labor. Tho boys wi.1 be able to make in the blacksmith shop many useful things needed for the carpenter work, and their ingenuity in this direction should be encouraged. With determination and energy the teacher will find himself (or herself) equippedto go ahead with the work effectively and success-fully. In thevery work of preparation the pupils will have been given the most valuable lesson of the course. The work in wood mnst sustain t,he interest of the child and counteract the evil of sitting still and cultivate the habit of attention. The work munt lead from the easy to the difficult,so that in each lesson given the child will be prepared for the work of the next. The models must be such as can be used. Useless and fancy models may be pleasing to the eye, but are apt to mielead the child who will lwk upon the practical carpenter work as crude in comparison. The real value of the instruction is evidenced in the pupil's ability to make something. The work g,iven must train in habits of neatness, order, and cleanliness, and it mnst empha-size the dignity of labor. Elaborate outtita for each boy are not necsswry nor desirable. The tools he will have after leaving ffihwl will most probably he few, perhaps rnde, and his materialnot alwaysof thebest, so we must teach theboyto work with suchas heis likely to have. Develop his ingenuity and endeavor to make him self-reliant and inventive. A few chisels, a hammer or two, some planes, an8 a few other simpie tools will answer at first. Give a number of small boys into the care of a large pupil who has been through the course of instruction: lay out a systematic eourse of exercises for him to give the boys under his charge, and oversee his work of training a set of boys to be real helpers later. First year.. 1:urnituro and other accessories of the doll's home will be cut out of paper $rodr uorlelcd out of rlav. This leads np to wor~ingin wood. The teacher will hare readv thin strios of wood. xnd with stuall hammers rtnd tscka aive the children in driving in and withdrawing tacks und nails. Tab!csmay be made of wool1 by nailing a strip of t h ~ nw ood an top of a cnlm. To l u a k~c llairs, naeacnbefar tbereatand nall a stripof wood to thebsck for thnl,ackof?hechair. Heds for the dulls may xlso IM m:,de. seed boxes for the seed to be plalltcd in, and the ntilitarian idea fosrerd wi.ile the plav spirit is encouraged. Makiug thrir own tovs mill I><th%tr nr6t lesson civon a nunil t? nreunre him to build and furnlslr hi3hGie late r ln life. Vlu<:ku Gust ba'ir&ly uled'for bnilding urposos. Ug a varietyol plays tho rliild will lear~rto diriderhepiiper in I I ~ I Yto, &vide the pileof corrl ill twt. parts, ere. The child mmt we for himself the truth of the sratemente made to him. Second year.-Have the child make measures of cloth and of wood, marking on them tho inches, half inches, etc. Give drill in measurements on the desks, books, and other plain surfaces. Have the geometrical figures made of clay, paper, woad, etc. Extend the measurements to the vard where eaoh one mnst help to measure off hie own garden, ruaktng his rows of vegetables straight and eqnailg didrant. The t e : h~e r is the moving ~pirit,rlndth e needs of tho school will suggest many pmc-t i c ~aln d vaiunhle lesdons that may bo ~rcse~lted. ahow l,up119 how to hold n l~ammer i,rnporlg arid to hold and drive a nail with-onr nlnr r in~th e wood. The lcssous ureaente,l bv the claas-room teaul!or to be dona with tho jackknife will be: 1. Straight whittling. 2. Oblique whittling. 3. Cross whittling. 4. Point whittling. 6. Cutting along the grain. 6. Cnlting partly across the grain. 7. Cutting lengthwise with the grain without splitting. 8. Cutting crosswise the grain. Also teach: 1. Using the hammer correctly. 2. Sand papering. 8. Marking and lining. Let the children hsvqsome work involving boring with the gimlet. In giving these leesons pupils will make crochet needles, flower sticks, butter |
