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Show 524 INDEX. Plants, wide range of species and genera of, 178 poverty of, _iJ?- Ireland, 820 pecn.J.iar Bntls~~ sg~eat Britain, 8·10 of Irelafnth~~t '~ide dill'usion and nan·ow ca~:~~ction, 84.5 how they migrate from north to south, o/8~xisting ~encra throughout tho Tertiary penod, 488 f tl o southem migration of, by way 0 1 Ilimalnyas, 4.9~ . .· southern migratlOn of, through A!ucn, '· en 4 J:mic genera of, in Now Zealand, 494 Plcstiodon Zongi1·ost1·is of Bermuda, 257 Platypus, 29 Po, matter carried away by, 16 6 Podargus, 46 . Poincicma 1·egta, 411 Populus, 179 f . ti of Pourtales, Count, on modern orma on chalk, 98 . · G u of on sedimentary deposlts m u Mexico, 215 . . Poverty in species ~f Br1ta1;n, 818 of Precession of Equmoxos, mfluenco on climate, 1213 Preservation of species, 62 Proboscidea, range of, 29 Proteus, 62 . 18 Psophia, ra;nge of spec1es of, Pteroptoch1dro, 29 f 1~ Pyrenean ibex, restricted range o , <> R. Railways new plants on, 481 Ramsay, 'Professor, on ancient land surfaces, 97 on geological time, 205 2 on thickness of sedimentar~ rocks, 21 Rat, native, of New Zealand, 44o Rats in the Galapagos, 268 . Rate of organic change usually measured by an incorrect scale, 225 Raven wide range of, 15 d Reade: T. Mellard, on changes of sea an land, 82 Recent continental islands, 235 Red clay of Bermuda, 256 Reptiles, dispersal of, 73 of the Galapagos, 268 of the Sandwich Isl~nds, ~q8 , cause of scarcity of, m Bntlsh Ioles, 819 of Madagascar, 889 of the Seychelles, 402 of Mauritius and Round Island, 4.09 of New Zealand, 458 Rltodolama altivoZa, 411 Rhus toxicodendron, 262 River-channels, buried, 317 Roches moutonnees, 104 Rodents in Madagascar, 889 Rosa hibernica, 389 1. Round Island, a snake and a palm pecu lar to, 410, 415 Rwrnex pulcher, in New Zealand, 488 Rye Mr. E. C., on peculiar British insects, ' 825, 882, 835 s. St. Helena, 280 effects of European occupation on the veget11tion of, 283 st. Helena. insects of, 286 land-shells of, 292 . . " absence of fresh-water orgamsms m, -!l3 native vegetation of, 294 Salvin, Mr., on the birds of tho Galapagos, sand;?c 0 h Islands, the, 298 zoology of, 301 birds of, SOl reptiles of, 803 land-shells of, 808 insects of, 805 vegetation of, 305 antiquity of fauna and flora of, 809 Snssafr.as, 179 . Scandinavian flora, aggressn:e power of, 479 Scientific voyages, comparat1ve results of, 7 Sciurus, 25 . . Sclater, Mr. P. L., zoolog10al rcgwns of, 32, scotla~d, glnciai deposits of,_109:112 probable rate of denudatlOn m, 167 Miocene flora of, 178 peculiar fishes of, 821 ScotophiZus tube1·culatus, 445 . Scrophularinere, why few spec1es nrc common to Australia nnd New Zealand, 474 Sen depth of at·ound Madagnscar, 894 'depth of around Celebes, 422 sea-bottom around New Zealand and Australia, 443 Sea-level, changes of, dependent on glaciation, 155 complex cffcets of glaciation on, 1::>7, ri::~f, a cause ~f denu~ation,l6S Seas inland in Tert1nry penod, 1t;5 _ Section of sea-bottom near Bermudn, 2a5 . Sedges and grnsses common to Aust rnlt!l nnd New Zealand, 472 Sedimentary rooks, how to estimate thick-ness of, 209 thinning out of, 210 .how formed, 211 thickness of, 209, 212 summa1·y of conclusions on tho rate of formation of the, 214, 506 Seebohm, Mr., on Pa1·us palustris, (Ll on lJ;mberiza schamicZtts, 65 on snow in Siberia, 161 on birds of Japan, 868 Seeds, dispersal .of, 248 carried by buds, 250 Senecio austmlis, on burnt ground, 481 Sericinus, 42 Seychelles Archipelngo, 400 birds of, 401 reptiles and amphibia of, 402 fresh-water fishes of, 405 land-shells of, 4.05 Sharp, Dr. D., on peculiar British l!eeUcs, 825 Shells peculiar to Britain, 888 Shetl~nd Isles, peculiar beetle of, 836 Shore deposits, 88, 211 . proving the permanence of contmeuts, di;t~~~e from coast of, 214 Siberia, amount of .snow and its sudden disappearance m, 185 Silurian boulder-beds, 194 warm Arctic climate, 195 Simiidae, 27 Sisyrinchium be1"?nudianum, 2~2. Skortohley, Mr., on four d1stmct boulder clays, 114 INDEX. 525 Slug peculiar to Ireland, 888 Snakes of tho Gnlnpagos, 26!) of tho Seychelles, 403 Snake peculiar to Round Islanll 410 Snow 1md icc, properties of in' 1·elation to climate, 127 ' Snow, effects of on climate 128 q~antity of heat rcctnir~tl to molt, 12() often of small amount in high latitudes, 130 never perpetual on lowlands, 181 conclitious determining perpetual, l!H maintains coltl by reflecting tho solar heat, 189 Snow-line, alterations of, causing migration of plants, 484 Sollas, Mr. J. W., on great.or intensity of telluric action in past time, 216 South Africa, recent glncintion of, 157 many northern genera of plnnts in, 4!l2 it~OSpposod connection with Australia, Southern plants, why nbsent in theN or thorn Hemisphere, 495 South American plants in New Zealand, 4.9·! South Teml)Orate America, 52 climate of, 142 South~96 flora, compnrative tenderness of, Spn,ce, teml)Crature of, 125 Specialisation antagonistic to diffusion of species, 474 Species, extinction of, 61 rise and decay of, 62 epoch of exceptional stnbility of, ~2S dying out and replacement of, 880 pre ~ervation of, in islands, 881 !:'pocifie areas, 14 SJiil'anthes romanzoviana, 840 Spitzbergen, Miocene flora of, 177 absence of boulder-!Jells in, 181 Stnbility of extreme glacial conditions, Ui3 Stninlon, Mr. H. T., on peculiar Briti~h moths, 825-830 Stnnivoi mountains, why not ice.clad, 14!) Starlings, genera of in New Zealand, 453, 456 Stellaria media, temporary appearance of, 488 Sternum, process of abortion of l<eel of, 408 Stow, Mr. G. W., on glacial phenomena in South Africa, 157 Stratified rocks formed near shores, 83, 85 deposits, how formed, 211 Striated rocks, 104 blocks in the Permian formation, 193 Stria: }lam mea, 15 Strnthiones, 31 Struthious birds of New Zealand as inclicat-ing past changes, 449 Stylidinm, 179 Submorgecl forests, 815 Subsidence of isthmus of Pannma, 146 Sumatra, geology of, 859 Sweden, two deposits of "till" in, 117 Swimming powers of mnmmrtlia, 71 Swinhoe, Mr. Robert, researches in Formosa, 872 Switzerlnnd, interglacial warm periods in, 117 Sylviadro, overlapping genera of, 28 T. Talpidro, 41 , Tapirs, distribution of, 24 former wide range of, 893 Tnrsius, G2 Tarsius spect1"!tnt, 427 Tasmania and North Australia, resemblance of, 5 route of Arctic \1lants to, 4.90 Taxodimn distichm1t m Spitzbergen, 177 Temperate climates in Arctic Hogio11s, 175 Australinn genera of plants in New Zealand, 470 Australian species of plants in New Zealand, 471 ToiDl)eraturo, how dependent on sun's dis· ance, 125, of spnco, 125 Tertiary glacial epochs, evidence ngainst, 173 wnrm climates, continuous, 182 Test of glaciation at any period, 169 Testudo abinydonii, 268 T. microphyes, 268 'l'elraogallus, distribution of, 24 Thais, 42 Thomson, Sir William, on ago of tho earth, 206 Sir Wyvillo, on organisms in tho globigel'ina-ooze, 87 Thl'yothoms bew·iclci'i, discontinuity of, 66 " Till " of Scotland, 109 several distinct formrttions of, 114 Tits, distribution of species of, 19 Torreya, 17!l Tortoises of the Gnlapa~os, 268 Trade-winds, how modLflotl by n glacial epoch, 187 Tragnlidro, 27 Travelled blocl<s, 106 Tremarotos, an isolated genus, 28 Triassic warm Arctic climate, 195 Tribonyx not a New Zenlnnd genus, 4.53 Tl'iohoptera peculiar to Britain, 887 Trogons, 27 Tropical affinities of New Zealand birds, 453 character of the New Zenlancl flora, cause of, 469 genern common to Now Zealand and Austrnlin, 469 Turdus, 17, 25 Tu1·dus fuscescen.v, variation of, 57 Tylor, A., on evidence of floods during de· posit of gravels, 116 on estimating the rate of denudation, 207 Tyrannidro, 48 Urania, 28 Ursus, 25 Uropeltidro, 29 u. Urotrichus, distribution of, 25 v. Varintion in animals, 50 nmount of, inN. Americnn birds, 57 Vegetation, local peculinrities of, 180 effects of Polar night on, 191 Vespe1·ugo se1·otinus, range of, 14 Vireonidro, 48 Yi1·eosylvia gilvns and Y. swainsonii, 66 w. \ Wallioh, Dr., on habitat of globigerinro, 90 Water, properties of in relation to climate, 127, 128 |
