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Show 352 [SLAND LIFE. rPAR'l' II. connecting land is covered with water, that the amount of speciality is hardly, if at all, greater than occurs in many continental areas of equal extent, This will be more evident if we consider that Borneo is as large as the Indo-Chinese Peninsula, or as the Indian Peninsula south of Bombay, and if either of these countries were separated from the continent by the submergence of the whole area north of them as far as the I-Iimalayas, they would be found to contain about as many peculiar genera and species as Borneo actually does now. A more decisive test of the lapse of time since the separation took place is to be found in the presence of a number of representative species closely allied to those of the surrounding countries, such as the taile:l monkeys and the numerous squirrels. These, however, are best seen among the birds, which have been more thoroughly collected and more carefully studied than the mammalia. Bi1·ds.-About 400 species of birds are known to inhabit Borneo, of which 340 are land birds. There are about seventy peculiar species; and, according to Count Salvadori, thirty-four of these (thirty-nine with later additions) are very distinct forms, while no less than thirty-one are slight modifications of species found in Sumatra or the Malay Peninsula. The following are the species of birds considered by Count Salvadori to be peculiar to Borneo, with the addition of a few species since added:- FmsT SERIES. SECOND SERIES. RepresentaUve Species. STRIGIDlE (Owls). Very c.listi1~ct Species. I 1. Ninox borneensis. 2. Ciccaba leptogrammica. MEaALlEMIDlE (Barbets). I 3. Chotorea chrysopsis. 4. Calorhamphus fuliginosus. PwmJF. (Woodpeckers). I 6. Jungipicus aurantiiventris. 5. Hemilophus fischeri. 7. Micropternus badiosus. CucuLIDJE (Cuckoos). 1. Indicator archipelagus. \ 8. Rhopodytes borneensis. 2. Ileterococcyx neglectus. CHAP. XVII.J BORNEO AND JAVA. FJR~T .SF.RIES. SECOND SEIUEtl. Very dtstmct SjJecies. Re11resentative Species. ALCEDlNIDlE (Kingfi shers). 3. Ceyx sharpci. 4. , dillwynni. I 9. Pelargopsis leucocephala. 10. Dacelo melanops. PODAHGJDlE. I 11. Batrachostomus adspersus. . CArRiliiULGIDJF: (Goatsuckers). 5. Capnmulgus arundinaccns. 112. Caprimuluus b 1 . 6. " concretus. o u wen. 7. , salvadorii. HIRUNDlNID.iE (Swallows). 8. Delichon dasypus. I M uscrcArro;r~ (Flycatchers). D. Cyornis rufifrons. 1 0 · , turcosa. 11. , beccnriaPa. 12. Schwaneria cwrulata. ARTAMIDJE (Swallow-shrikes). 13. Artamus clemenciro. 1 LANIIDLE (Shrikes). 14. Lanius schwaneri. 113. Volvocivora schierbrandi. 15. Pityriasis gymnocephala. NECTARINliDLE (Sunbirds). 16. Arachnothera crassirosiris. 1 DICEIDlE (Flower-peekers). 1 14. P~ionochil.us .xanthopygius. ] 7. Zosterops melanura. 15· DICeum mgr1mentum. 16. Zosterops parvula. PYCNONOTIDJE (Bulbuls ). 18. Pycnonotus gourdinii. I · l 9. Criniger diardi. 20. , , iinschii. . TIMALllD.AJ: (Babblers). 21. Turdmus leucoO'rammicus 117 p . 22. Setaria pectoraiis · · 0.mato!hmus borneensis. 23. · · ·. 11 18. MIXorms borneensis , cmere1eap1 a 19 D h · 24. Pitta bertre. 25. , arcuata. 26. , Laudii. ' · rymocatap us capistratioides. 1 20. Brachyp.teryx umbratilis. 21. Malacocmcla rufiventris. p ITTIDlE (Pittas). 1 22. Pitta grana tina. 23. , schwaneri. 24. , usheri. A A 353 |