OCR Text |
Show 522 INDEX. Maillard on animals of Bourbon, 406 Malay Islands, local peculiarities of flora in, 180 past history of, 862 Malayan birds in FormosA., 878 Mammalia of East Asia, range of, 83 of North Africa, range of, 34 of Britain, poverty of, 319 of Borneo, 351 of Java, 356 of tho Philippines, 361 of Japan, 3li5 of Formosa, 374 ~ common to Formosa and India, 37o of Madagascar, 388 of Comoro Islands, 400 of Celebes, 427; whence derived, 428 of New Zealand, 444 Mann, llm·ace, on the flora of tho Sandwich Islands, 306 " Maori legend of origin of the forest-rnt, 44v Maoris, their accounts of t!:te moa, 448 Map of the old Rhone gla01er, 107 . Maps of North and South Polar Regwns, 183 Map of the Azores, 239 of Bermuda, 2G4 of the Galttpagos, 266. 267 of the South Atlantic Ocean, 282 of the Sandwich Islands, 299 of the North Pacific with its submerged of b~;~:ist00 Isles and the 100-fathom bA.nk, 314 of Borneo and JA.va, 349 of Japan and Formosa, 364 physical, of Madagascar, 385 of the Madagascar group, 887 of the Indian Ocean, 390 ~~ ~ee~~~~:to:3around New Zealand, 443 of Australia in Cretaceous period, 466 Marcou, Professor Jules, on the pliocene nnd glacial epochs, 226 Marmot, range of, 15 Mars as illustrating glacial the01·ios, 158, 162 Mars, no true ice-cap on, 160 1\farsupio.ls, range of, 29 1\Iarsh, Prof. 0. C., on the Atlantosaurus, 96 on Hesperornis. 451 Marsh, Mr., on camels as desert-makers, 285 Mascarene Islands, 399, 409 Mascarene plants, curious relations of, 412 endemic genera of, 413 Mascarene flora, fragmentary character of, 414 abundance of ferns in, 416 Mauritius Bourbon, and Rodriguez, 405 Measurem'ents of geological time, 226 agreement of various estimates of, 227 concluding remarks on, 228 Medicago sativa in New Zealand, 483 Megalrem1dre, 27 Meleagris, 49 Melilotus vulga,-is on railway banks, 481 Meliphagidre, 46 Melliss, Mr., on the early history of St. Helena, 284 Melospiza melodut, vm-iation of, 57 Merycotherium, 119 . . . . Meteorological causes as mtenslfymg glac1:~- tion, 137-189 1\Hgration caused by glacial epoch, 119 Migration of birds to Bermuda, 258 of plants from north to south, 480 of plants and alterations of snow line, 484 . of plants due to changes of cllmate, 485 of plants from north to south, long continued, 486 of plants aided by geological changes, of 48 ;1ants by way of Himalayas and South Asia, 491 of plants by way of tho Andes, 488 of plants through Africft, 492 Mild Arctic climates, stratigraphical evi-dence of, 181 causes of, 183 dependent on geographical changes, lSi effects of high oxcontricity on, 191 summary of causes of, 503 Miocene Arctic flora, 176 Miocene flora of Europe, 117 Miocene or Eocene floras, 178 Miocene deposits of Java, 859 1\Iiocene fnuna of Europe and North India, 390 Mississippi, mntter carried away by, 166 Mitten, Mr. Willinm, on peculiar British mosses and heputicro, 341 on temporary appearance of plants, 481 1\fniotiltidre, 48 . M.nium, peculittr species of in the Dronthoim mountains, 434 Mons of New Zealnnd, 447 Mollusca, dispersal of, 76 Monotremata, restricted range of, 29 Moraines, 105 of Ivrea, 112 Morgan, Mr. C. Lloyd, on thickness of formations not affected by denudation, 213 Moseley, Mr. H. N., on seeds ourrieu by birds, 250 on the flora of Bermudu, 2<l2 Mosses, peculiar British, 341 non-Europonn genera of in Britttin, B4:! how diffused and why restricted, 3-!4 Mt. St. Elias, why not ice-clad, 149 Mountnin chains aiding the dispersal . of plants, 79 as aids to migration of plo.nts, 480 Munia bnmneiceps, 438 Mus, 17, 25 Murray, Mr. J ., on ooennic deposits, St on chalk-like globigerina-ooze, 90 Mygale pynnaica, range of, 15 My?'ica jay a, 251 llfyialestes helianthea, 488 Myrsine, 179 N. Nal'OS, Capt. Sir G., on snow and' icc in high latitudes, 130 on abrupt elevation of Bermuda, 2.)5 Neurotic Itegion, definition of, 47 mammalia of, 47 birds of, 48 reptiles of, 49 Necta1·inea osea, restricted range of, 15 N eilgherries, Australian plants mtturo.lizod in, 496 Neotropical Region, definition of, 50 low types ol', 51 Nevill, Mr. Geoffrey, on land·shells of tho Seychelles, 405 on destruction of Seychelles flora, 115 INDEX. 523 Now species, origin of, 55 Newton, Mr. 1•:., on short winn-s of the Sey-chelles dove, 408 ° Ncwto:Olrofossor, on recently extinct birds, Newts, restricted range of, 80 New Zealand, recent glaciation of 157 Now Zealand, 412 ' geology of, 44~ farm of sen-hottom nrouncl ·143 7.0ological cl.Jar,tctor of, 44.4' mammalia of, 444 winglesH birds of, 447 European plants in, 447 pn.st changes of, 4•18 wi:5~ed birds and lower vertebrates of, llef5~ctions from pecularities of fauna of, po~~~d of its union with N. Australia, the flora of, 457 route o_f Arctic plants to, 4.90 endemiC genera of plants in 4!.!4 grant nntiquity of, 494 ' Nordonskjuld, Prof., on a!Jsonce of perpetual snow inN. Asia, 131 on1~Bcont milder climate in Spitzbergen, on former Polnr climates, 181 on geology of Spitzbergen, 182 North America, glacial phenomena in, 112 interglacial warm periods in, 117 condition of in Tertiary period, 187 Northern genera of plants in S. temperate America, 489 hemisphere, absence of southern plants from, 495 flora, hardiness of, 496 0. Oceanic islands a proof of the permanence of oceans, 97 Oceanic and continental islands, 234 Oceanic islands, 235, 238 -the Azores, 2S9 general remarks on, 310 Ocean-currents ns carriers of plants, 79 as affecting interglacial periods, 148 as determining climate, 149 effects of in Tertinry times, 190 Ocean, Darwin on permanence of, 97 Octodontidre, 26 CEninghen, Miocene flora of, 177 <Enanthe ftuviatilis, 339 <Enothe1·a odm·ata, on a railwny bani{, 483 Oliver, Professor, on peculiar Bermudan plnnts, 262 Operculata, scarcity of in the Sanclwich Islands, 304 OpTwys apijera, temporary appearance of, 482 Orchidero, species have restricted ranges, 47S Orchids, abundance of, in Bouroon and Mauritius, 416 why almost universal in tho tropics, 417 Orders, distribution of, 29 Organic chango dependent on change of conditions, 218 Oriental Region, definition of, 43 mammals and birds of, 4-1 reptiles of, 45 insects of, 45 Origin of new species, 55, 59 Origin of new genera, GO of tho Galapagos flom, 277 of the beetles of St. llolenA., 289 of Australian element in the New Zealand florn, 467 Orkney, peculiar fishes of, S21, 323 , Orthonyx not n. Now Zealand genus, 453 Osprey, wide range of, 15 Ostriches, 28 Otter-like mammal in Now Zealand, 4!13 Overlapping and discontinuous are.ts, 28 P. Pachyglossa a1treolimbata, 488 Palroarctic Region, limits of, 89 chamotoristic features of, 40-42 Palroozoic formations, depth of, roun(l London, 211 Palm confined to [t,)Und Island, 415 Panax, 179 Pnpilio, 17 Paraguay, nowilcl horses or cattle in, 219 Parnassius, 41 Pants atm·, 19 P. bo1·ealis, 19, 6.1 P. britannic!l,s, !321 P. camtschatkensis, 19 P. cinctus, 20 P. cru,-ulelts, 19 P. cyaneus, 19 P. c1·i8tatns, 20 P. ledottci, 19 P. lugub1·is, 20 P. majo1·, 19 P. palustTis, 19 P. pctlustris, discontinuous area of, 64 P. 1·osea, 321 P. tenerijfce, 19 Passeres of the Sandwich Islands, S02 Past changes of New Zealand, 448 Pahtla Reiniana, 260 Payer, Lieut., on evaporation of icc durin~ the Arctic summer, 185 Pet,-oselinum segetum on railway bank, 482 Peroclicticus, 26 Permian formation, indications of ice action in, 193 Permanence of continents, summary of evidence for, 101 Pennula mille'i, SOl Pengelly, 1\Ir., on submerged forests, 31!5 Peculiar fauna of New Zealand, dednctious from, 454 Philippine I slands, 861 recent additions to fauna. of, Sol past history of, 361 Phryniscidoo, 27 Phyllodactyltts galapagensis, 269 Phylloscopus bo,-eal'is, mnge of, 15 Physical causes which clote1·mine distrilmtion, 500 features of Formosa, 372 Pinlts abies in Grinnell Land, 178 Pica, 17 Pickering, Dr., on the flora of the Sandwich Islands, S06 on families absent from the Sandwich Islands, 306 on temperate forms on mountains of the Sandwich Islands, 807 Pithecia monachlls, 18 P. ntjiba1·bata, 18 Pitta, distribution of, 25 Plants. dispersal of, 77 seeds of, adaptetl for dispe1;sal, 78 |