OCR Text |
Show 518 INDEX. Croll, Dr. James, on winter tempomturo of Britain in glacial epoch, 136 on diversion of gulf-stream during the glacial epoch, 138 on loss of heat by clouds and fogs, 140 on geographical causes as affecting climate, 143 on ancient glacial epochs, 164 on universality of glacial markings in Scotland, 167 on mild climates of Arctic regions, 175 on ocean-currents, 183, 197 on age of the earth, 206 on mean thickness of sedimentary roGlkS, 212 . on small amount of marine denudation, 218 on buried river-channels, 817 Ctenodus, 67 Cyanopica, distribution of, 23 Oyanopica cooki, restricted range of, 15, 23 Oyanopica cyanus, 23 Oynopithccus nigrescens, 427 D. Dacelo, 46 Dana on continental uphoavrtls, 86 on chalk in the Sn.ndwich Islands, 88 on elevation of land causing the glacial epoch, 147 on elevation of Western Americrt, 188 on the development of continents, 198 on shore-deposits, 215 on life extermination by cold epochs, 222 Darwin's experiment on Helix pomatia, 76 experiments on seed-dispersal, 249 theory of formation of atolls, 397 Darwin, on the permanence of oceans, 97 on cloudy sky of Antarctic regions, 141 on glaciers of the Southern Andes, 142 on geological time, 204 on complex relations of organisms, 219 on seeds carried by birds, 250 on natural history of the Keeling Islands, 275 on cultivated plants not running wild, 476 De Candolle on dispersal of seeds, 78 Deep-sea deposits, 211 Delphinium ajacis, on a railway banlt, 483 Dendraxa, 18 D. camtlea, 18 D. discolor, 18 D. dominica, 18 Dendneca co1·onata, variation of, 57 Dendrophidre, 27 Denudation destroys the evidences of glacia· tion, 166 Denudation and deposition as a measure of time, 206 Denudation in river basins, measurement of, 208 Denudation, marine as compared with subaerial, 218 Deposition of sediments, how to estimate the avero.ge, 214 Deserts, cause of high temperature of, 128 Diagram of excentricity and precession 124 Diagram of excentricity for three mdlion years, 165 Dididre, how exterminated, 407 Didunculus, keeled sternum of, 408 Diospyros, 179 Diplotaxis muralis, on railw11y banks, 481 Dipnoi, discontinuity of, 67 Dipterus, 67 Discontinuous generic nreas, 23 Discontinuity among North American birds, 65 Discontinuity a proof of antiquity, 67 Discontinuous areas, 63 why rare, 63 Dispersal of animals, 70 of land animJtls, how effected, 74 Dispersal of seeds by wind, 78 by birds, 79 by ocean.currents, 79 along monntnin-chains, 79 Dispersal of Azorean plants, facilities !or 251 , Distribution, changes of shown by extinct animals, 100 how to explain anomalies of, 392 Drontheim mountains, peculiar mos3cs of 343 ' Dobson, Mr., on bats of J1tpan, 366 on ~~e affinities of ll!ystaci11a tube1·cttluta. Dodo, the, 407 aborted wings of, 408 Dryiophidre, 27 Dume~~!i Professor, on lizn.rds of Bourbon, Duncan, Professor P.M., on ancient sea of central Australia, 465 E. Early history of New Zealand, 455 Earth's age, 203 East Asian birds, range of, R8 East and West Australian floras, geological explanation of, 464 Echidna, 80 Echimyidre, 26 Elevation of North America during glacial period, 149 causing diversion of gulf-stream, 149 Ember·iza schamiclus, discontinuity of, 6± E. passe1·ina, range of, 65 E. J1Y1'1'hulina, 65 Ende~~~ genera o! plants in Mauritins, &c., Ende~~~ genera of pl~J:nts in New Zeahmd, English plants in St. Helena, 28u Environment, change of as modifying or-ganisms, 219 Eriocaulon seplcwgulm·e, 340 Ethiopian Region, definition of, 42 birds of, 48 Ettinghauscn, Dr., on Austmlian phmts in England, 486 Eucalyptus, 179 Eucalyptus and Acacia, why not in New Zealand, 475 Eucalyptus in Eocene of Sheppey, 486 Eupetes, distribution of, 25 Europe, Asia, &c., as zoological terms, 31 European birds, range of, 16 European birds in Bermuda, 259 European occupation, effects of in St. Helena, 288 Europen.n plants in New Zealand, 477 in Chile and Fuegin, 489 Everett, Mr., on mised coral-reefs in the Philippines. 862 Evolution necessitates continuity, 68 Excentricity and precession, diagram of, 124 INDEX. 519 Excent.ricity, variations of during throe milbon years, 164 Excentricity a test of rival theories of climate, 165 Excentricity, high, its efl'ccts on warm and cold climates. 102 Explanation of peculiarities of the fauna of . Celebes, 431 Extmct a~imals showing changes of distributiOn, 100 Extinct birds of the M~tscarcne Islands, 407 _of ~ew Zcalnnd, 447 Extmctwn caused by glacial epoch, 110 F. Fnmi~ies 1 res~ricted are~~:s of, 28 d1str1butlon and antiquity of 66 Fauna and flora, pecularities of British 345 Fauno. of Borneo, affinities of, 355 ' of Java, 356, 357 of Javo. and Asia compared, 358 Faunas of Hainan, Formosa, and Japan compared, 879 Felis, 17, 25 Ferns, abundance of in Mascarene flora 416 Ficus, 179 ' Fire-weed, tho, of Tasmnnia, 481 Fisheri 2 :ev. 0., on tempero.turo of space, Fishes, dispersal of, 73 peculiar British, 321 cause of great speciality in, 328 mode of migration of freshwater, 324 freshwater, of New Zealand, 454 Floating islands and the dispersal of animals, 72 Flora of the Azores, 248 of Bermuda, 261 of the Galapagos, 276 of St. llelena, 294 of the Sandwich Islands, 305 ; peculiar features of, 306 peculo.rities of the British, 389 of Madagascar and tho Mascarene Islands, 410 of 4 rsadagascar and South Africa allied, Flora of New Zeo.lo.nd, 457 very poor, 458 its resemblance to the Australian, 459 it~~Jfferences from the Australian, 459, origin of Australian element in, 467 tropical character of explained, 469 summary and conclusion on, 474 Floms of New Zealand and Australia, summary of conclusion as to, 510 . Florida and Oanada, resemblances of, 5 and Bo.hamas, contrasts of, 5 Fogs cut o1f the sun's heat in glaciated countries, 140 Forbes, Mr. D., analysis of cho.lk, 89 Former continuity of scatterecl groups, 68 Formosa, 871 physical features of, 372 animal life of, 878 list of mammalia of, 874 list of lo.nd-birds peculiar to, 875 Forests, submerged, 315 Freezi~~ water liberates low-grade heo.t, Fresh-water deposits, extent of, 94, 95 Fresh2~~ter organisms absent in St. Helena, snail peculiar to Ireland, 838 Fresh-water fishes of the Seychelles 408 Fro~~ <>Je~~~:l~~JllttJ 403 Fucgia, European piants in, 489 FuUca alai, SOl G . . Gnlapngos, absence of mnmmalia and am-phibio. from, 268 1·eptiles of, 268 birds of, 270 insects of, 273 land-shells of, 274 · 1 flora of, 276 Galapagos Islands, 265 and Azores contrasted 279 Gctlbula cyaneicollis, 17 ' 1'UjOVi1'idis, 17 Vi!'idis, 17 Galeopithecus, 62 Gallinula sandvichensis, 301 Gardner, Mr. J. S., on Tertinry changes of climo.te, 197 Gan-ulus, distribution of species of, 20 Gar1-ulus glandarius, 20, 22, 65 G. cervicalis, 21 G. kryniclci, 21 G. atricapillus, 21 G. hyrcanus, 21 G. bmndti, 21, 22 G. lanceolatus, 21 G. bispecularis, 21 G. sinensis, 21 G. taivanus, 22 G. japonicus, 22, 65 G. l-idthi, 22 Geikiei1~r. James, on interglacial deposits, on age of buried river-cho.nnels, 317 Prof. A., on stratified roclts being found near shores, 84, 85 on 9 !onnation of chalk in shallow water, on permanence of continents, 101 on 16 ;ariation in rate of denudation, on the rate of clenudation, 207 on small amount of marine denudation m8 ' Genera, extent of, 17 origin of, 60 rise and decay of, 62 Generic areo.s, 16 Generic and Fo.mily distribution, 25 Genus, defined and illustrated, 16 Geographical chango as a cause of glacia-tion, 143 cht4~ges, influence of, on climate, 146, cht8sges, effect of on Arctic climates, changes of Java and Borneo, 359 changes as modifying or~ranisms, 220 Geological chango, probab1y quicker in remote times, 216 changes as aiding tho migration of plo.nts, 487 cli~;tcs and geographical conditions, climates as affecting distribution, 502 climates, summnry of causes of, 502 time, 203 time, value of the estimate of, 217 time, measurement of, 226 time, summary of views on, 505 |