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Show 434 ISLAND LIFE. (PAR'L' II. groups, and produce upon them all a common result. Nearly thirty species of butterflies, belonging to three different families, have a common modification in the shape of their wings, by which they can be distinguished at a glance from their allies in any other island or country whatever; and all these are larger than the representative forms inhabiting most of tho adjacent islands.l No such remarkable local modification as this is known to occur in any other part of the globe; and whatever may have been its cause, that cause must certainly have been long in action, and have been confined to a limited area. We have here, therefore, another argument in favour of the long-continued isolation of Celebes from all the surrounding islands and continents-a hypothesis which we have seen to afford the best, if not the only, explanation of its peculiar vertebrate fauna. Conclttding Remarrlcs.-If the view here given of the origin of the remarkable Celebesian fauna is correct, we have in this island a fragment of the great eastern continent which has preserved to us, perhaps from Miocene times, some remnants of its ancient animal forms. There is no other example on the globe of an island so closely surrounded by other islands on every side, yet preserving such a marked individuality in its forms of life ; while, as regards the special features which characterise its insects, it is, so far as yet known, absolutely unique. Unfortunately very little is known of the botany of Oelebes, but it seems probable that its plants will to some extent partake of the speciality which so markedly distinguishes its animals ; and there is here a rich field for any botanist who is able to penetrate to the forest-clad mountains of its interior. 1 For outline figures of the chief types of these butterflies, see my Malay Archipelago, Vol. I. p. 441, or p. 281 of the second edition. APPENDIX TO CHAPTER XX. · TlJe following list of the La n d B"I r d s of Celebes 1 tl · Islands which partake of "t 1 . anc 10 adJacent < I s zoo oo-rcal pe r . •t• . porated all the species d" d b CU Ian Ies, Ill which are incor-up from the foil . Iscovere up to the present year, has been drawn owmg sources :- 1. A List of the Birds known to inhabit th Viscount Walden F R S (T c Island of Celebes. By Arthur 2 ' · · · rans Zoo] S 1872 v ' . Intorno al Gcnere Hermotimia (H l .b ) N oc. . . ol. viii. pt. ii.) (Atti della Reale Accadcmia. del~el S . , ota. di T?mmaso Salvadori. 3. Intorno a due Collezioni di U u· ~~nze di Tormo. Vol. x. 1874.) Salvadori. (Annali del M ~~ 1 . 1 Celebos-N ote eli Tommnso 1875.) us. IV, di St. Nat. di Genova. Vol. vii. 4. Beitrage zur Ornithologie von Celebes und S . Briiggemann. Bremen, 1876 . angtr. Von Dr. Friedrich 5. IntNor nt o ad 'd uTe piccole Collezion. d. Tt 1 . . 1 1 uce h dt Isole Suno·hir e di T"£ o a 1 ommaso Salvadori (A r o I oro. Genova. Vol. ix. 1876- 77.) nna 1 del Mus. Civ. di St. Nat. di 6. Intorno aile S · d · N C I b peCie 1 ettarinie delle Molucche c d 1 G . e e es. Note eli Tomma S I d . o ruppo di delle Scienze di Tor· Vsol ~.va on. (Atti della Reale Accad. . . . mo. o . xu. 1877.) 7. Descn~wne di tre Nuove Specie d" U II" conosciute delle !sole Sangl . I ;e ~ e note intorno ad altrc poco Vol. xiii. 1878.) ur. er ommaso Salvadori. (L. c. 8. Field Notes on the Birds of Celebes By A B M (Ibis, 1879.) ' · · eyer, M.D., .&c. 9. On the Collection of Birds· made b D M . . t N G . Y r. eyer dunbg his E d"t' o ew umea and some neighb . I I xpc I wn Sharpe. (:Mitth. d kgl Zoo] Mourmg s ands. By R. Boulder N . · · · us. Dresden 1878 H ft 3 ew speCies from the Sula and San h · I 1 d ' · e · ) 10. List of Birds from the Sui I I d (g Ir s an s are described. · a s an s East of Celeb ) · h twns of the New Species B Alf es w1t Descrip- (Proc. Zool. Soc. 1862, p. 33B.) y red Russel Wallace, F.Z.S. F F 2 |