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Show 374 ISLAND LIFE. [PART JJ. and peculiar birds of the island, as we shall have frequent occasion to refer to them. LIST OF THE MAMMALIA OF FORII10SA. (The peculiar species are printed in italics.) 1. ]Jfacacus cyclop£s. A rock-monkey more allied to JJ{. 1·hesus of India than to M. sancti-johannis of South China. 2. Pteropus forrnosus. A fruit-bat closely allied to the Japanese species. None of the genus are found in China. 3. V esperugo abram us. China. 4. Vespertilio formosus. Black and orange Bat. China. 5. Nyctinomus cestonii. Large-eared Bat. China, S. Europe. 6. Talpa insularis. A blind mole of a peculiar species. 7. Sorex murinus. Musk Rat. China. 8. Sorex sp. A shrew, undescribed. 9. Erinaceus sp. A Hedgehog, undescribed. 10. Ursus tibetanus. The Tibetan Bear. Himalayas and North China. 11. Helictis subaurantiaca. The orange-tinted Tree Civet. Allied to H. nipalensis of the Himalayas more than to H. rnoschata of China. 12. Martes flavigula, var. The yellow necked Marten. India, China. 13. Felis macroscelis. The clouded Tiger of Siam and Malaya. 14. Felis viverrina. The Asiatic wild Cat. Himalayas and Malacca. 15. Felis chinensis. The Chinese Tiger-cat. China. 16. Viverricula malaccensis. Spotted Civet. China, India. 17. Paguma larvata. Gem-faced Civet. China. 18. Sus taivanus. Allied to the wild Pig of Japan. 19. CerYulus reevesii. Reeve's Muntjac. China. 20. Ce1·vus pseltdaxis. Formosan Spotted Deer. Allied to C. silca of Japan. 21. Cervus swinhoii. Swinhoe's Rusa Deer. Allied to Indian and Malayan species. 22. Nemorluedus swinhoii. Swinhoe's Goat-antelope. Allied to the species of Sumatra and Japan. 23. Bos cbincnsis. South China wild Cow. 24. Mus bandicota. The Bandicoot Rat. Perhaps introduced from India. 25. Mus indicus. Indian Rat. 26. Mus coxinga. Spinous Country-rat. 27. Mus canna. Silken Country-rat. 28. Mus losea. Brown Country-rat. 29. Sciurus castaneoventris. Chestnut-bellied Squirrel. China and Hainan 30. Sciurus m'clellandi. M'Clelland' s Squirrel. Himalayas, China. 31. Sciuropterus lcaleensis. Small Formosan Flying Squirrel. Allied to S. alboniger of Nepal. 32. Pteromys grandis. Large Red Flying Squirrel. Allied to Himalayan and Bornean species. From North Formosa. CIIAP. XVIII.] JAPAN AND FORMOSA. 37fi. 33. Pter·ornys pectoralis. White-breasted Flying Squirrel. From South Formosa. 34. Lepus sinensis. Chinese Hare. Inhabits South China. 35. Manis dalmanni. Scaly Ant-eater. China and the Ilimalayas. The most interesting and suggestive feature connected with these Formosan mammals is the identity or affinity of several of them, with Indian or Malayan rather than with Chinese species. We have the rock-monkey of Formosa allied to the rhesus monkeys of India and Burma, not to those of South China and Hainan. The tree civet (Helictif:J subaurantiaca), and the small flying squirrel (Sci1lropterus lcaleensis), are both allied to Himalayan species. Swinhoe's deer and goat-antelope are nearest to Malayan species, as are the red and white-breasted flying squirrels; while the fruit-bat, the wild pig, and the spotted deer are all allied to peculiar Japanese species. The clouded tiger is a Malay species unknown in China, while the Asiatic wild cat is a native of the Himalayas and Malacca. It is clear, the.refore, that before Formosa was separated from the main land the above named animals or their ancestral types must have ranged over the intervening country as far as the Himalayas on the west, Japan on the north,.-and Borneo or the Philippines on the south; and that after that event occurred, the conditions were so materially changed as to lead to the extinction of these species in what are now the coast provinces of China, while they or their modified descendants continued to exist in the dense forests of the Himalayas and the Malay islands, and in such detached islands as Formosa and Japan. We will now see what additional light is thrown upon this subject by an examination of the birds. LIS'!' OF THE LAND BIRDS PECULIAR TO FORMOSA, TURD IDlE (Thrushes), 1. Turdus albiceps. Allied to Chinese species. SYLVIDIJE (Warblers). 2. Cisticola volitans. Allied to C. schamicola of India and China. 3. Herbivox can tans. Sub-species of H. cantillaus of N. China and Japan. 4. Notodela montiurn. Allied toN. leucum of the Himalayas; no al1y in China. |