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Show 366 . ISLAND LIFE. (PART II. that Corea and Manchuria (the portions of the continent opposite Japan) are comparatively little known, wh~le in very few cases have the species of Japan and of the contment been critically compared. \\There this has been done,. however, the peculiar species established by the older naturalists have been in many cases found to be correct. LIST OF THE MAMMALIA OF THE JAPANESE IsLANDS. 1. Macacus speciosus. A monkey with rudimentary tail and red face, allied to the Barbary ape. It inhabits the island of Niphon up to 41° N. Lat., and has thus the most northern range of any living monkey. . . . . 2. Pteropns da.~ymallus. A peculiar frmt-bat, found m Kmsm Island only (Lat. 33° N. ), and thus ranging further north of the equator than any other species of the genus. 3. Rhino!ophus ferrum-equinum. The great horse-shoe bat, ranges from Britain across Europe and temperate Asia to Japan. It is the R. nippon of the Fauna Japonica according to Mr. Dobson's Monograph of Asiatic Bats. 4. R. minor. Found also in Burma, Yunan, Java, Borneo, &c. 5. Vesperugo pipistrellus. From Britain across Europe and Asia. 6. V. abramus. Also in India and China, 7. V. noctula. From Britain across Europe and Asia. 8. V. molossus. Also in Uhina. 9. Vespertilio capaccinii. Philippine Islands, and Italy I This is V, macrodcwtylus o£ the Fauna Japonicl\ according to Mr. Dobson. 10. Miniopterus schreibersii. Philippines, Burma, Malay Islands. This is Vespertilio blepotis of the Fauna J a ponica, 11. Talpa wogura. Closely resembles the common mole of Europe, but has six incisors instead of eight in the lower jaw. 12. Urr,trichus talpoides. A peculiar genus of moles confined to Japan and the north-west coast of N. America. The American species has been named Urott·ichu.~ gibsii, but Mr. Lord after comparing the two says that he "can find no difference whatever, either generic or specific. In shape, size, and colour, they are exactly alike.'' 13-:- Sorex myosurus. A shrew, found also in India and Malaya. 14. Sorex dzi-nezumi. 15. S. 1tmbrinu,s. 16. S. platycephalus. 17. Ursus arctos. var. A pecu 1iar variety of the European brown benr which inhabits also Amoorland and Kamschatka. It is the Ursus ferox of the Fauna Japonica. 18. Ursus japonicus. A peculiar species allied to the Himalayan and For· mosan species. Named U. tibetanus in the Fauna Japonica. CHAP. XVIIl.] JAPAN AND FORMOSA. 3137 1 g, JYieles analcurn,a. Differs from the European and Siberian badgers in the form of the skull. 20. Mttstela bmchyum. A peculiar marten found also in the Kurile Islands. 21. Mustela melanoptLS. The J apanese sable. 22. M.Japonica. A peculiar marten (See Proc. Zool. Soc. 1865, p. 104). 23. M. Sibericns. Also Siberia and China. This is the M. italsi o£ tho Fauna Japonica according to Dr. Gray. 24. Lut1·onectes whiteleyi. A new g-enus and species of otter (P. Z. S. 1867, p. 180). In the Fauna Japonica named Lutm ?iulgat·is. 25. Enhydris marina. The sea-otter of California and Kamschatka. 26. Canis ltodophylax. According to Dr. Gray allied to Cuon sttmatran'US of the Malay Islands, and C. alpinus of Siberia, if not identical with one of them (P. z. S. 1868, p. 500). 27. Vulpes japonica. A peculiar fox. Canis vulpes of Fauna Japonicn. 28. Nyctereutes procyonoides. The racoon-dog of N. China and Amoor· land. 29. Leptts bmchyurus. A peculiar hare, 30. Sciut·us lis. A peculiar squirrel. 31. Pteromys leucogenys. 'J'he white-cheeked flying squirrel. 32. P. momoga. Perhaps identical with a Cambojan species (P. z. S. 1861, p. 137). 33. JIIyoxus japoniws. A peculiar dormouse. M. elegans of the Fauna Japonica; JII. javanicus, Schinz (Synopsis Mamrn,alium, ii. p. 530). 34. Mus argenteus. China. 35. ~Mus molossinus. 36. llf11s nezumi. 07. M. speciosus. 38. Cervus silca. A peculiar deer allied to C. pseudaxis of Formosa and C. mantchuricus of Northern China. 39. :Nemorhedus crispa. A goat-like antelope allied to N. sumatmnus of Sumatra, und N. Swinhoei of Formof:a. 40. Sus leucomystax. A wild boar allied to S. taevanus of Formosa. We thus find that no less than twenty-six out of the forty Japanese mammals are peculiar, and if we omit the aerial bats (nine in number), as well as the marine sea-otter, we shall have remaining only thirty strictly land mammaliaJ of which t\ventyfi ve are peculiar, or five-sixths of the whole. Nor does this represent all their speciality; for we have a mole differing in its dentition from the European mole; another closely allied to an American species; a peculiar genus of otters; anu an antelope whose nearest allies are in Formosa and Sumatra. The importance of these facts will be best understood when we have examined the corresponding affinities of the birds of Japan. |