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Show ---____ 6 TH PRINCIPLE OF SCIENTIFI MANAGEMEN its employés, than can be obtained with the management of ""initiaAnd it should also be clear that these result tive and incentive. have been attained, not through a marked superiority in the mechanism of one type of management over the mechanism of another, bu rather through the substitution of one set of underlying principle for a totally different set of principles, - by the substitution of on philosophy for another philosophy in industrial management To repeat them throughout all of these illustrations it will be see that the useful results have hinged mainly upon (1) the substitutio of a science for the individual judgment of the workman; (2) th scientific selection and development of the workman, after each ma has been studied, taught, and trained, and one may say experimente with, instead of allowing the workmen to select themselves and develop in a haphazard way; and (3) the intimate cooperation of th management with the workmen, so that they together do the wor in accordance with the scientific laws which have been developed instead of leaving the solution of each problem in the hands of th In applying these new principles, in place o individual workman the old individual effort, to each workman, both sides share almos equally in the daily performance of each task, the managemen doing that part of the work for which they are best fitted, and th workmen the balance It is for the illustration of this philosophy that this paper ha been written, but some of the elements involved in its genera principles should be further discussed The development of a science sounds like a formidable undertaking, and in fact anything like a thorough study of a science suc as that of cutting metals necessarily involves many years of work The science of cutting metals, however, represents in its complication, and in the time required to develop it, almost an extrem case in the mechanic arts Yet even in this very intricate science within a few months after starting, enough knowledge had bee obtained to much more than pay for the work of experimenting This holds true in the case of practically all scientific development i the mechanic arts. The first laws developed for cutting metals wer crude, and contained only a partial knowledge of the truth, yet thi imperfect knowledge was vastly better than the utter lack of exac information or the very imperfect rule of thumb which existed before and it enabled the workmen, with the help of the management, t do far quicker and better work For example, a very short time was needed to discover one o |