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Show TH PRINCIPLE O SCIENTIFI MANAGEMEN 5 upon this particular machine In a word, this was possible becaus the art of cutting metals involves a true science of no small magnitude a science in fact, so intricat that it is impossibl for an machinist who is suited to running a lathe year in and year ou either to understand it or to work according to its laws withou Men who ar the help of men who have made this their specialty unfamiliar with machine-shop work are prone to look upon th manufacture of each piece as a special problem, independent of an They are apt to think, for instance other kind of machine-work that the problems connected with making the parts of an engin require the especial study, one may say almost the life study, of set of engine-making mechanics, and that these problems are entirel different from those which would be met with in machining lath In fact, however, a study of those elements whic or planer parts are peculiar either to engine parts or to lathe parts is trifling, compared with the great study of the art, or science, of cutting metals upon a knowledge of which rests the ability to do really fast machinework of all kinds The real problem is how to remove chips fast from a casting or forging, and how to make the piece smooth and true in the shortes time, and it matters but little whether the piece being worked upo is part, say, of a marine engine, a printing-press, or an automobile For this reason, the man with the slide-rule, familiar with the scienc of cutting metals, who had never before seen this particular work was able completely to distance the skilled mechanic who had mad the parts of this machine his specialty for years It is true that whenever intelligent and educated men find tha the responsibility for making progress in any of the mechanic art rests with them, instead of upon the workmen who are actuall laboring at the trade, they almost invariably start on the roa which leads to the development of a science where, in the past, ha existed mere traditional or rule-of-thumb knowledge When men whose education has given them the habit of generalizing and everywhere looking for laws, find themselves confronted with a multitude of problems, such as exist in every trade and which have general similarity one to another, it is inevitable that they shoul try to gather these problems into certain logical groups, and the search for some general laws or rules to guide them in their solution As has been pointed out, however, the underlying principles of th management of ‘"‘initiative and incentive," that is, the underlyin - philosophy of this management, necessarily leaves the solution o all of these problems in the hands of each individual workman, whil |