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Show 4 TH PRINCIPLE O SCIENTIFI MANAGEMEN And in computing the low cost of $0.033 per ton, the office and toolroom expenses, and the wages of all labor superintendents, foremen clerks, time-study men, etc., are included During this year the total saving of the new plan over the ol amounted to $36,417.69, and during the six months following, whe all of the work of the yard was on task work, the saving was at th rate of between $75,000 and $80,000 per year Perhaps the most important of all the results attained was th effect on the workmen themselves A careful inquiry into the condition of these men developed the fact that out of the 140 workme only two were said to be drinking men This does not, of course imply that many of them did not take an occasional drink The fac is that a steady drinker would find it almost impossible to keep u with the pace which was set, so that they were practically all sober Many, if not most of them, were saving money, and they all live better than they had before These men constituted the fines body of picked laborers that the writer has ever seen together, an they looked upon the men who were over them, their bosses and thei teachers, as their very best friends; not as nigger drivers, forcin them to work extra hard for ordinary wages, but as friends who wer teaching them and helping them to earn much higher wages tha they had ever earned before It would have been absolutely impossible for any one to have stirred up strife between these men an their employers And this presents a very simple though effectiv illustration of what is meant by the words ‘prosperity for the employé, coupled with prosperity for the employer," the two principa objects of management It is evident also that this result has bee brought about by the application of the four fundamental principle of scientific management As another illustration of the value of a scientific study of th motives which influence workmen in their daily work, the loss o ' ambition and initiative will be cited, which takes place in workme when they are herded into gangs instead of being treated as separat individuals A careful analysis had demonstrated the fact tha when workmen are herded together in gangs, each man in the gan becomes far less efficient than when his personal ambition is stimulated; that when men work in gangs, their individual efficienc falls almost invariably down to o in the gang; and that they ar elevated by being herded together had been issued in the Bethlehe four men were to be allowed t below the level of the worst ma all pulled down instead of bein For this reason a general orde Steel Works that not more tha work in a labor gang without |