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Show 6 TH PRINCIPLE O SCIENTIFI MANAGEMEN man must, however, be fully assured that this increase in pay beyon Our experiments have shown tha the average is to be permanent the exact percentage of increase required to make a workman wor at his highest speed depends upon the kind of work which the ma is doing It is absolutely necessary, then, when workmen are daily give a task which calls for a high rate of speed on their part, that the . the necessary high rate of pay wheneve should also be insure they are successful. This involves not only fixing for each ma his daily task, but also paying him a large bonus, or premium, eac time that he succeeds in doing his task in the given time It i difficult to appreciate in full measure the help which the proper us of these two elements is to the workman in elevating him to the highes standard of efficiency and speed in his trade, and then keeping hi there, unless one has seen first the old plan and afterward the ne tried upon the same man And in fact until one has seen simila accurate experiments made upon various grades of workmen engage in working upon widely different types of work. The remarkabl and almost uniformly good results from the correct application o the task and the bonus must be seen to be appreciated These two elements, the task and the bonus (which, as has bee pointed out in previous papers, can be applied in several ways) constitute two of the most important elements of the mechanis of scientific management They are especially important from th fact that they are, as it were, a climax, demanding before they ca be used almost all of the other elements of the mechanism such a a planning department, accurate time study, standardization o methods and implements, a routing system, the training of functiona foremen or teachers, and in many cases instruction cards, sliderules, ete (Referred to later in rather more detail on page 68. The necessity for systematically teaching workmen how to wor to the best advantage has been several times referred to It seem desirable, therefore, to explain in rather more detail how this teaching is done In the case of a machine-shop which is managed unde the modern system, detailed written instructions as to the best wa of doing each piece of work are prepared in advance, by men in th planning department These instructions represent the combine work of several men in the planning room, each of whom has his ow specialty, or function One of them, for instance, is a specialist o the proper speeds and cutting tools to be used rules, whic He uses the slide have been above described as an aid, to guide hi obtaining proper speeds, etc Another ma i analyzes the best an |