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Show TH PRINCIPLE O SCIENTIFI MANAGEMEN 4 paid 4+% cents a ton on gang work; and this again shows the grea gain which results from working according to even the most elemenBut it also shows that in the applicatary of scientific principles tion of the most elementary principles it is necessary for th managemen to do their share of the work in cooperating wit th workmen The Pittsburg managers knew just how the results ha been attained at Bethlehem, but they were unwilling to go to th small trouble and expense required to plan ahead and assign a separat car to each shoveler, and then keep an individual record of eac man's work, and pay him just what he had earned Bricklaying is one of the oldest of our trades For hundreds o years there has been little or no improvement made in the implements and materials used in this trade, nor in fact in the method o laying bricks In spite of the millions of men who have practise this trade, no great improvement has been evolved for many generations Here, then, at least, one would expect to find but littl gain possible through scientific analysis and study Mr. Frank B Gilbreth, a member of our Society, who had himself studied bricklaying in his youth, became interested in the principles of scientifi management, and decided to apply them to the art of bricklaying He made an intensely interesting analysis and study of each move ment of the bricklayer, and one after another eliminated all unnecessary movements and substituted fast for slow motions H experimented with every minute element which in any way affect the speed and the tiring of the bricklayer He developed the exact position which each of the feet of th bricklayer should occupy with relation to the wall, the mortar box and the pile of bricks, and so made it unnecessary for him to tak a step or two toward the pile of bricks and back again each time brick is laid He studied the best height for the mortar box and brick pile and then designed a scaffold, with a table on it, upon which all o the materials are placed, so as to keep the bricks, the mortar, th These scaffold man, and the wall in their proper relative positions are adjusted, as the wall grows in height, for all of the bricklayer by a laborer especially detailed for this purpose, and by this mean the bricklayer is saved the exertion of stooping down to the level o his feet for each brick and each trowelful of mortar and then straightThink of the waste of effort that has gone o ening up again through all these years, with each bricklaye lowerin his body weighing, say, 150 pounds, down two feet and raising it up agai every time a brick (weighing about 5 pounds) is laid in the wall |