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Show TH PRINCIPLE in a combinatio O SCIENTIFI MANAGEMEN of the four great underlying principle 6 of- man agement. When, however, the elements of this mechanism, such as time study, functional foremanship, ete., are used without being accompanied by the true philosophy of management, the results are i many cases disastrous. And, unfortunately, even when men wh are thoroughly in sympathy with the principles of scientific management undertake to change too rapidly from the old type to the new without heeding the warnings of those who have had years of experience in making this change, they frequently meet with seriou troubles, and sometimes with strikes, followed by failure The writer, in his paper on "Shop Management," has calle especial attention to the risks which managers run in attempting t In man change rapidly from the-old to the new management The physica cases, however, this warning has not been heeded changes which are needed, the actual time study which has to b made, the standardization of all implements connected with the work the necessity for individually studying each machine and placing i in perfect order, all take time, but the faster these elements of th work are studied and improved, the better for the undertaking On the other hand the really great problem involved in a chang from the management of ‘‘initiative and incentive'" to scientifi management consists in a complete revolution in the mental attitud and the habits of all of these engaged in the management, as wel of the workmen And this change can be brought about onl gradually and through the presentation of many object-lessons t the workman, which, together with the teaching which he receives thoroughly convince him of the superiority of the new over the ol way of doing the work This change in the mental attitude of th workman imperatively demands time It is impossible to hurry i beyond a certain speed The writer has over and over again warne those who contemplated making this change that it was a matter even in a simple establishment, of from two to three years, and tha in some cases it requires from four to five years The first few changes which affect the workmen should be mad exceedingly slowly, and only one workman at a time should b dealt with at the start. Until this single man has been thoroughl convinced that a great gain has come to him from the new method 1 Furst Second Third Fourth .~ The development of a true science The scientific selection of the workman His scientific education and development Intimate friendly cooperation between the management and the men |