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Show TH 7 PRINCIPLE O SCIENTIFI MANAGEMEN of an establishment, the work of which is elaborate, undertake t change from the old to the new type unless the directors of the com pany fully understand and believe in the fundamental principles o scientific management and unless they appreciate all that is involve in making this change, particularly the time required, and unles they want scientific management greatly t will doubtless be claimed that in all that has been said no ne fact has been brought to light that was not known to some one i the past Ver likely tha is true Scientifi managemen doe not necessarily involve any great invention, nor the discovery o It does, however, involve a certain comnew or startling facts bination of elements whic have not existe in the past namely old knowledge so collected, analyzed, grouped, and classified int laws and rules that it constitutes a science; accompanied by a com plete change in the menta attitude of the working-men as well a of those on the side of the management, toward each other, and towar their respective duties and responsibilities Also, a new divisio of the duties between the two sides and intimate, friendly cooperatio to an extent that is impossible under the philosophy of the old management And even all of this in many cases could not exist withou the help of mechanism which has been gradually developed It is no single element, but rather this whole combination, tha constitutes scientific management, which may be summarized as Science, not rule of thumb Harmony, not discord Cooperation, not individualism Maximum output, in place of restricted output The development of each man to his greatest efficiency and prosperity The examples given above of the increase in output realized unde the new management fairly represent the gain which is possible They do not represent extraordinay or exceptional cases, and hav been selected from among thousands of similar illustrations whic might have been given Let us now examine the good which would follow the genera adoption of these principles The largest profit would come to the whole world in general The greatest material gain which those of the present generatio have over past generations has come from the fact that the averag man in this generation, with a given expenditure of effort, is producin two times, three times, even four times as much of those things tha are of use to man as it was possible for the average man in the pas |