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Show TH 6 Fourth PRINCIPLE O SCIENTIFI MANAGEMEN Eliminate all false movements, slow movements and use less movements Fifth. After doing away with all unnecessary movements, collec into one series the quickest and best movements as well as the bes implements This one new method, involving that series of motions which ca be made quickest and best, is then substituted in place of the te or fifteen inferior series which were formerly in use This bes method becomes standard, and remains standard, to be taugh first to the teachers (or functional foremen) and by them to ever workman in the establishment, until it is superseded by a quicke and better series 6f movements In this simple way one elemen after another of the science is developed In the same way each type of implement used in a trade is studied Under the philosophy of the managemen of ‘initiative an incentive" each workman is called upon to use his own best judgment, so as to do the work in the quickest time, and from this result in all cases a large variety in the shapes and types of implement which are used for any specific purpose Scientific managemen requires, first, a careful investigation of each of the many modifications of the same implement, developed under rule of thumb; an second, after a time study has been made of the speed attainabl with each of these instruments, that the good points of several o these implements shall be embodied in a single implement, whic will enable the workman to work faster and with greater ease tha he could before This one implement, then, is adopted as standar in place of the many different kinds before in use, and it remain standard for all workmen to use until superseded by an implemen which has been shown, through motion and time study, to be stil better With this explanation it will be seen that the development of science to replace rule of thumb is in most cases by no means formidable undertaking, and that it can be accomplished by ordinar every-day men without any elaborate scientific training; but that on the other hand, the successful use of even the simplest improvement of this kind calls for records, system, and cooperation wher in the past existed only individual effort There is another type of scientific investigation which has bee referred to several times in this paper, and which should receiv special attention, namely, the accurate study of the motives whic influence men At first it may appear that this is a matter fo individual observation and judgment, and is not a proper subjec |