OCR Text |
Show TH PRINCIPLE O SCIENTIFI MANAGEMEN 3 the important effect which this one piece of scientific knowledge ha upon the work of shoveling At the works of the Bethlehem Steel Company, for example as result of this law, instead of allowing each shoveler to select an own his own shovel, it became necessary to provide some 8 to 1 different kinds of shovels, etc., each one appropriate to handling given type of material; not only so as to enable the men to handl an average load of 21 pounds, but also to adapt the shovel to severa other requirements which become perfectly evident when this wor A large shovel tool room was built, in whic is studied as a science were stored not only shovels but carefully designed and standardize labor implement of all kinds suc as picks crowbars ete Thi made it possible to issue to each workman a shovel which woul hold a load of 21 pounds of whatever class of material they were t Iro handle: a small shovel for ore, say, or a large one for ashes ore is one of the heavy materials which are handled in works o this kind, and rice coal, owing to the fact that it is so slippery o And it was found o the shovel, is one of the lightest materials studying the rule-of-thumb plan a where each shoveler owned his ow go from shoveling ore, with a loa to handling rice coal, with a loa the Bethlehem Steel Company shovel, that he would frequentl of about 30 pounds per shovel on the same shovel of less tha In the one case, he was so overloaded that it was impos4 pounds sible for him to do a full day's work, and in the other case he was s ridiculously underloaded that it was manifestly impossible to eve approximate a day's work Briefly to illustrate some of the other elements which go to mak up the science of shoveling, thousands of stop-watch observation were made to study just how quickly a laborer, provided in eac case with the proper type of shovel, can push his shovel into the pil These observaof materials and then draw it out properly loaded tions were made first when pushing the shovel into the body of th pile Next when shoveling on a.dirt bottom, that is, at the outsid edge of the pile, and next with a wooden bottom, and finally with a Again a similar accurate time study was made o iron bottom the time required to swing the shovel backward and then throw th load for a given horizontal distance, accompanied by a given height This time study was made for various combinations of distance an height With data of this sort before him, coupled with the law o endurance described in the case of the pig-iron handlers, it is eviden that the man who is directing shovelers can first teach them th exact methods which should be employed to use their strength t |