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Show T et e PS TH PRINCIPLE O SCIENTIFI MANAGEMEN 1 reason there is a great variety in the implements used for each clas of work Now, among the various methods and implements use in each element of each trade there is always one method and on implement which is quicker and better than any of the rest. An this one best method and best implement can only be discovere or developed through a scientific study and analysis of all of th methods and implements in use, together with accurate, minute motion and time study This involves the gradual substitutio of science for rule of thumb throughout the mechanic arts This paper will show that the underlying philosophy of all of th old systems of management in common use makes it imperative tha each workman shall be left with the final responsibility for doin his job practically as he thinks best, with comparatively little hel and advice from the management And it will also show tha because of this isolation of workmen, it is in most cases impossibl for the men working under these systems to do their work in accordance with the rules and laws of a science or art, even where one exists The writer asserts as a general principle (and he proposes to giv illustrations tending to prove the fact later in this paper), that i almost all of the mechanic arts the science which underlies each ac of each workman is so great and amounts to so much that th workman who is best suited to actually doing the work is incapabl of fully understanding this science, without the guidance and help o those who are working with him or over him, either through lack o education or through insufficient mental capacity In order tha the work may be done in accordance with scientific laws, it is necessar that there shall be a far more equal division of the responsibilit between the management and the workmen than exists under an of the ordinary types of management Those in the managemen whose duty it is to develop this science should also guide and hel the workman in working under it, and should assume a much large share of the responsibility for results than under usual condltlons i assumed by the management The body of this paper will make it clear that, to work accordin to scientific laws, the management must take over and perform muc of the work which is now left to the men; almost every act of th workman should be preceded by one or more preparatory acts o the management which enable him to do his work better and quicke than he otherwise could. And each man should daily be taugh by and receive the most friendly help from those who are over him instead of being, at the one extreme, driven or coerced by his boszes and at the other left to his own unaided devices |