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Show 1875.] WILD GOAT OF ASIA MINOR. 461 which he describes as " Hircus cornibus teretibus arcuatis, ab imo ad summum fere annulatis" (Syst. Nat. ed. 12, p. 96). Of this description Mr. Blanford says (Proc. Zool. Soc. 1874, p. 248), "It cannot be identified with any known Persian ruminant." D'Aubenton has figured as the Gazelle du Bezoard, Pasan of the Orientals, some species of Antelope; he gives, however, a skeleton-figure of, and describes (torn. xii. p. 195, pl. 15) under the name of Capricorne, an animal which he considers intermediate between the Goats and Antelopes, and which Cuvier thinks is certain to have been a young iEgagrus. Pallas, in his earlier writings (Misc. Zoog. p. 8 ; Spic. Zool. fasc. i. p. 14), was misled into identifying an animal which he calls Antilope bezoartica, and which he admits was only known to him by its horns, with the Pasen and Pasan of Kaempfer and Buffon. W e now come to S. G. Gmelin, who (Reise d. Russ. Th. iii. p. 473) rescued the subject from the utter confusion into which it had fallen. by describing from actual inspection specimens of the iEgagrus, called by him " Ziege welche den Bezoar liefert." His description, however, though good of the male, is curiously incorrect regarding the female, of which he says, " Several females have been brought to m e ; but I have not been able to find a trace of horns among any of them." Pallas, in his next notices on this subject (Spic. Zool. fasc. xi. p. 43), avails himself of Gmelin's information, gives to the animal the name of JEgagrus, and considers it to be the same as that described by Monardus, Garcias, and Acosta, and identical with the Paseng of the Persians and the Capricerva of Kaempfer, and quite distinct from the Antilope bezoartica before described by himself. Zimmerman (Spec. Zool. p. 662) has no doubt that it is the iEgagrus which is meant by Gmelin and Kaempfer; and Erxleben (Syst. Reg. Animal, p. 261) speaks of it as an animal much confused with the Ibex, and first of all well distinguished by Pallas. The description which Pennant has given (Hist. Quad. vol. i. p. 57) of the Caucasan most probably refers it to this species. The name Capra agagrus, which is the generally accepted one, was first given to this species by J. F. Gmelin in his edition of Linnaeus (Syst. Nat. p. 193); he describes it as "cornibus carinatis arcuatis, gula barbata," and identifies it with the Agagrus of Pallas, the Goat oi S. G. Gmelin, the Capricerva of Kaempfer, Steinbok of Ridinger, Chevre sauvage of Tavernier, and Caucasan of Pennant. The animals figured by F. Cuvier under the name of C. agagrus are as has bepn already remarked and as he himself suspected, not iEgagrus at all, but either bastard or semi-wild Goats. They differ in colour, in the formation of the horns, and in having the hair of the face long instead of short. Pallas, in his later writings (Zool. Ross.-As. vi. p. 227), gives it the name of JEgoceros eegagrus, quoting Gmelin's descriptions, and mentioning that he found among his (Gmelin's) effects an unfinished sketch of the animal, and also the skull and horns. Tilesius (Isis, 1835, p. 668), while remarking on the mistakes |