OCR Text |
Show 24 REPOET OF THE COMNISSIONER OF INDIAN AFFAIRS. systems of radiation. Simple but effective ventilating systems have been introduced for dormitories, school, and other buildings, so planned as to provide at all times an adequate supply of fresh air per capita and the necessary changes per hour. Electricity and gasoline gas are the two mediums which have been adopted for lighting school buildings, each of which is giving eminent satisfaction. The selection of the system used is determined by the oost of maintenance. The elimination of the dangerous and insecure coal-oil lamps has been made wherever possible, since it minimizes the danger from fire and allays the constant anxiety engendered by the perilous and menacing qualities of this illumiuant. The later dormitory buildings constrncted for the Indian school serv-ice are of four diffsrent types, namely, the individual structure, cou-tainiug complete eqnipments for the accommodation of one sex only; double structures for the two sexes, but so constructed that they are entirely separated; combiilation dormitories for the twosexes, together with a general dining room and kitchen; combination dormitories for the two sexes, together with a general dining room, kitchen, and school rooms. The first of these is the moat desirable, since it affords a more effective separation of the sexes and lessens the liability to immorality and also the destruction of the whole plant by fire should suoh occur in any one building. The fourth type, virtually combining a whole school plant under one roof, not considering the danger of its complete anni-hilation iu case of fire, is not well adapted to the larger schools for many practical considerations. Dormitory rooms are planned to allow from 400 to 600 ~ b i fcee t of air space per capita and from two to three changes thereof per hour. All woodwork pertaining to dormito-ries, wainscoting, etc., is omitted in these rooms, as it attords harbor-ing and breeding places for vermin and disease germs. The necessity for ready means of escape in case of fire has not been overlooked, simple and practical devices for the purpose having been provided. Standpipes connected with water systems placed at con-venient points in the buildings and provided with valves and hose on each floor are introduced for extinguishing fires iu their incipient stages. School buildings are ueually of the one-story type, as atfoFdiug greater convenience than the two-story structures, and are also less productive of fatal results in case of panic from fire or other causes. The proper introduction and distribution of light to schoolPooms receives careful consideration, that the eyesight of the pupils may not be impaired through faulty emplacement of windows. From two to four changes of air per hour are introduced in the schoolmoms. General mess halls, combined with kitchens, bakeries, and at times laondries, afford the dining facilities for the whole school, and areusu+lly one-story buildings. Aside from the fact that it is essential to the discipline and proper iustructiou of the pupils, it is necessary that suitable provision should |