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Show 47° Appendix. blc of (loing the work of twenty ~Ian•:; l!:tn be purchns0d for the pri<'c of n in~le OtH', and feel at a less co~t 1 hall the liinglc laborer. 1-itt'ill!H•ngines count hy lens of thousands, and the work perform •d by th e1n i~ prob.d1ly equal to the whole labor power of the South. At the North hulllan LdJOr ill every where economi7.ed, while nt the South it is C\'ery where wastrd. The natural co nsequence il:l that capital accumulates at the North with v:1 st ly greater rapidity than nt the South. The papers of the dny infort11 us that tht• taxable property ofPennsylvnnia is valued by the l'C'YCnue board of that Stnle at .'ff;880,000,000, and if to this we acld that which is not liable to taxation, we ~;halt obtain a sum little le~;s than a thousand tnillion!l, or more than the vnlue in 1850 of all the lrmd in the States above gi\·en to a Southern Union. Aided by all thi l:i machinery, the quantity of Northt'nt production il:l immense, when compared with that of the South, allCl of thi :1 we could scarcely defiit·c better evidence than is found in the fact that thr nl crchnndise carried on the Pennsylvania canal, nnd the Eric canal, nlouo amounts to five millions of tons, or ten times the weight of the crop produced in the ten cotton-growing States, that have, with the exreptio 11 of sugar, little cl ·e to give to the wo1·ld in cxchnnp·c for all they neecl to obtain. It is, we think, quite impossible to examine these facts without a ferling of surprise at the entire insignificance of the trade for which tho North is indebted to the Union. In estimating the 11 power and gain " to the North re11 ultintl' from its union with the South, it is required that the reader should rcmn~< that t/ 10 whole of thrir own vast product is in constant course of being <'xl'h:lllgecl among themselves; whereas, it is only the exchangeable surplus of the South with which the people outside of those States have any thinrr to do. The man of New York dNi\·cs no advantage from the corn that isc-o ft•d in Virgini:t to ~he slave that is raised for exportation to Mississ ippi. The corn nuscd m Alabama appears abroad only in the form of cottou while that of IJouisiana comes to the North only as sugar (lr molassel:l: The whole exportable product of the 'outh consists of cotton, tobacco, riC'e, naval. store~,, sugar, hemp, and some grain, chiefly from Virginia and North Cnrolma. 1 he value of the first s ix, as given by De now, for 1850, was, ns the reader has seen, $t38,000,000, iifty-thrcc of which were for domestic consum1~t~on, anc~ eighty-five for export. The cotton, sugar, aucl other co.mmodJtJes re()tllred for their own consumption, arc to be deducted, aud th1s '~ould .leave the Northcm consumption at about $.JO,OOO,OOO. The mode tn winch these quantities arc divided would seem to be as follows: Exfproonrtt efdnr cf1r ?~mn rHoouu nt htroiersn ports, nnd paid for hy imports into thoso ports Exportc•rl from Routltcrn 'p~rt~, ~nd. pa.id for .by .i Ill po;ts fro;n .or tiJ~ough. $15,000,000 tho North, . . . . . . . . • . . ' , Exp~rtod from Northern ports, and paid for fr~m; 0; th.rot;gh. tl~o No;., h. 5i!,·~~~~.~~~ Rotalflorl for con~;umption ut the North ' ' ' . . • . . . . . . . . ::.o,ooo,ooo Total, · · · • · · · · · . • . • . • . . . . . . . $t3:I,OOO,OOO From this the reader will readily perceive that the total amount of trade from which the North can derive nny "power or gain," is but .'fiill8,000,000, or about four p('r cent. of its own productive power. The question to be Appendix. 471 11rttled i~, however, Hot the total qu:mtlty, hut how much of it is due to tho Union, lllHI how nluch woulcl lJe lost hy a eli~;:-~olution of that Un ion. f)o far as the· South exports a!HI itnports clircctly, tit(' North has no mon• to gain from it than frotu the <'xpnrt of Ne•g-roes to Alaba1na C>l' 'l'l•xns. Next, so far a~ rq.{ard~ the e.rport of fifty -nillt' millim1H to foreign ports from Snuthern ones, it gain:. nothing by thr Unio11, because Northern ships cttjoy in those ports 110 advantage over fon•ign cnrt·i~, aud th<•y lta\'r, thc•rcforc, tlothing to lose by Ht•cr!-i~ion. If fL Boston ship will cany colton as cheaply as an 11:nKli sh ot· Vrcnch OlH', she will ha \'C it to ('arry, anel not else. .Again, ~~~ rcg-arcl::i the r.I'JIOrt of Southern prochiC:ts from Northern port:-;, there would St'<'lll to br little to lo st', for· the reasons for this trade would continue thrn to be the s ,llnc as now. \\'c import hrg<'ly of men untl other valuabl' commodities into Northern port:<, and can, und1•r ordinory \ irculllstanet•s, afforcl to take ret11r11 frt•i ght so ('ht•aply as to o{f'rr an indncclllcnt to bring ('Ott on and otht•r Southl•rn pmdutts to Northc•t n ports on their way to Europe. So far as rrg-ards ll n\·igntion, aud tltc· profit~ of the rxport traclr, then, tlH•rc would liCt'll\ to be nothing whaten'r to be lost by separation. The atuou11t of flouthc•rn products pnid for hy, or through, the North, would seem to tH.' about .'fliliH,OOO,OOO, of whi('h the qnnntity required for consumption nt the• North iH ·l~·iO 000,0,)0. Jt is quitr ce rtain that thio; trndo of importation for horne consu1npti on woul1l rontinur, b c•t·al l:-iC we sho uld Cl'rtainly be "illing to (lfl,\ the highest pric<'H, and the· Bouth woulcl not decline to Acll bccau~>c the nion hncl ht'cu dissoln·d. J\~ n•g:trds tho r:rportation of gooels t(l pay for them, the case woulcl, howl'\'C'r, bt• ~:><> mewhat, though, we tltiuk, not very widely cli fh• n·nt. The f)outh woulel thrn be in the same situa tion with C.mnlla; "ith, bowcvrr, this disadvantage, that the l.ttler build ~ anel sails ships, '' hil'h the former doc ' not, cxct•pt to a. ,·cry sma ll extent. EH'n now, Canada looks nnxiously to a. 111nrk ct in the Uni011. She ran sr ncl h('r wheat to En ~lan d, duty free, either direct or through our ports; anel yet the price is always lower 011 the north of the lin e than it is on the south of it, hy the whole amount of duty. ~he can lHU'<' tlireet trade with l•:nglancl, dut.y frt'c, and yet she tnl, cs fro111us gootls to the e:-tcnt of f1,c 1nillions ofdollan; p<'l' annum, in pnymcut for her proeluce. 'Vith the South, the case it-J yet much stronger. Of all the articles of dllmc:-. tic production now sold to the Routh, n very large portion, including, of course, the products of the " ' est, nrc cheaper than they can l1e obtained ebcwhrre, ancl we must continue to supply them. As rega rds forrign commo(li ties, Boston will continue to import India goods; New York, tens; Philarlclphin and Baltimore, coif e; nnd nll will import the finrr commoditir~ of E11rope, for the supply of the Southern as well as the Northem fltatN; that 110w constitute the Union. l\1any of these goocl:-; will be exporter! South in bond, as th y nrr now exported to Canada nn<l Cuba, hut they must coutinur to pass through Northern ports. Aclrnit, however, what we helicvc to be impossible, that one half of thi · ouc huudrcd and •ightl'ea million!' Hhould he imported into the South directly frotn abroad, and that W(' sho11ld lt>sr on this one half, in commis::.i<Jns and pro fits or \Miou::. kind~, tw~nty· fi\ e per cent., the total |