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Show 474 Appendix. borders. To secure that extension we had to support an expensive war and finally to pay fifteen millions to the 1\Iexican GoYcrnmcnt; but, ha~pil "squattC'r government" secured to the Northern States a portion of th: territory for nearly all of which they had been required to pay. Texas had been dragged into the Union by l\Ir. Polk, and in 18.50 the people of the North were required to unite in paying ten millions for this enlargement of slave territory. The expenditure seems now to be fixC'cl at from forty to fifty lllillions of dollar ·, of which the military and naval department, exclusive of the contracts for mail itcamers, r equire more than twenty, or one ha[f mora than was rxpenderl by Jllr. Allams.{o1· all pwposes, internal and external. ILH·ing purchased Louisiana, Florida. Texas, and New l\Iexico for the South, we have but just escaped the payment of twenty millions for the enlarge~ ment of the a.rca. of SlaYery, acc?mplishecl by Genrral Gadsden, and }'Pt not a dollar 1s lrkely to be obtnmC'cl for removing ob tru ct ions from the great rivers of the \Vest, or for improving the h a rbors of the lakrs. Any amount may be _la~·i ·hed upon foreign mi ·sions, haYing for th<'ir object the remo:al of rcstnctrons on the tobacco trade of France or Germany, because that m.terests the South; but the t rrasury is hermetically scaled against the clallns of the North for any aid in developing the rcsourcrs of its territory, or in facilitating intercourse between the States of the East and the 'Vest. • \Ve beg our readers to rdlcct carefully upon these facts, and thPn to study how much expcndit nrc would be required for a Northern Union. We need s~arcely any army, for we desire no extension of territory. '\rc do not desire to add Canada to the Union, and were the offer of annexation at this moment. made. it might not be accepted, while the South is always at work to obtam tcrntory, by purchase or by force of arms. But recently it offered a hundred millions for Cuba, to be paid out of the revenue co 11 tributcd by all the States,. and the chief reason for so doing was the danger that the slaves of that 1sland might, at some future time, become free and thus be placed in a situation that would render them dano-crous to ~heir slavcholding n eighbors of }'lorida and Carolina. The North dares not even pr~p~se to accept, free of cost, the British possessions, with two and a h~lf rmllwns of free inhabitants; and yet the South docs not h esitate at buymg Cuba at a ~undrcd millions, nor would it hesitate about im·olYing the whole _country m a war that might cost twice that sum, for the purpose of pre\·entmg. any movcmC:'nt in the island looking to the gradual enfranchisement of Its Negro population. The North, as we have said, scarcely needs an army. It has but little need for a na?: bt~t even admitting that fi \·e millions "·ere required for that purpose, 1t 1s drfflcult to sec how the expenditure of l\Ir. Adams could be much exceeded. The post-office. of a Northern Union would support itself at lower rates than those now paid, for we have thrice the amount of populatior.l capable of maintaining corrcspondC'ncc, and three times thrice the quantity of exchanges, while the organized territory of the South is greater by almost one half than that of the North. The diplomacy of a Appendix. 475 Northern Uniou would r equire small expenuiture, for we have nothing to ask for, and there is n othing for which we desire to fight. Northern policy looks, as we have said, always homeward, while that of the South looks always outward, as '"itncss the constantly repeated invasions of T exas and of Culm. Admitting, however, that the expcntlitures of a Northern Union should reach the sun~ of twenty millions, even that is less by five and twenty millions than its present amount - and not one half of tha t excess is paid by the South. How, indeed should it be? Nearly all our r evenue comes from duties on foreign merchandise, of which slaves consume but little, and the poorer class of white peo ple of the South consume but little more. TakinO:.->' 1 however, the whole white population of the South, we have lmt fi,·e millions of consumers to put against thrice that number at the N orth, and if the consumption, p er head, were equally great in all portions of the Union, their contributions would be but one fourth of the wholr, or about on e half of the twenty-five millions of excess expenditure. That the Southern consumption, per head, will average less, and much less, than that of the Korth, no one can doubt; and it is, "·e think, <]Uite a:; little to be doubted that the contrihutions of the South towards the r evenue are less than tPn lllilli ons of dollars - a sum not more than sutncient to pay the mere i11terest upon the sums cxpcndC'd in the purchase of Southern lantl, aud on the making of wars for Southern purposes. \\re arc now auout to SJH' ral twenty millions more, and if Cuba can be had at a hunurcd millions, it will be bought - and the interest upon these tll'o Stllns alone ' will amount to sc>vcn millions two hunclreu thousand dollars, or a lnrge portion of the "·hole amount of contributions furnished by the Smtth. The same meu who now urge upon the \1 h ole Union these enormous rxpcnditurcs for Southern purposes, deem it so highly unconstitutional to appropriate a single dollar for the improvement of rivers and harbors, that to kcC'p within the lettrr of the law they woulu violate i~s spirit by authorizing states, countiC's, cities, and towr,s to make improvrmcnts and charge tonnage duties upon ships and merchandise, by which Iowa aud I llinois, Missouri and K entucky, would be compelled to contribute largely in taxation for the promotion of the trade of New Orleans. \Ve arc assured that all these expenditures arc nece~sary to provide an outlet for the rapidly growing n egro population. 'Yell ! the lanu is purchased, and n ext, we are told that labor is scarce - that negroes arc high -that it. is unjust to permit Alabama and T exas to be taxNl by V irginia to the extent of a thousand dollars for aN egro, when as good a one can be brought from Africa for a hundred and fifty dollars - and that, therefore, we shoulcl re(1stablish the African slave-trade. Such is the tendency of things, and such is the end to which we are pointed at the close of much less than a century after the publication of the Declar ation of JndcpendC'nce, in which it was asserted that all men were born "free and equal." Prussia has emancipated her serfs, and Russia and Austria are now moyiug stradily towards the perfect enfranchisement of their people, but we of the North arc paying many millions of dollars annually for the |