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Show 492 School Lands . • • Universities • • • • ~ants of Govcmment Ralinos ••..• Intornnl Improvement Road;; ....• ('anals ancl Rivers Jtnilroacls • . • • Swamp Lands . • • • . . Individuals and Compames .l\lilitary Services . • • • Appendix. 0., fa., llf., .Jilirft., fnwa, IV i.~crm:;in. A crt's. 5,27:1,7<19 2.'l:J,:wo 2 ,!>GO 261,0 1.'5 ] ,fili!J,<J .J9 2.'i l,:l.i.i 4 ,!l!W,87:J 2 ,:)!).),0.i:J • ll,2(i,') :133 G0,98 t 20,1G7,7G3 .lifo., .IJirT., .JI!i., Lrr., .11 rk. 1 .F/m·irla. A eros, 5,!>~0,!i04 2fl7,:l{l(j 2:2,:Jrio Hi I ,~30 2,Goojooo 400,000 5,788,0Hd 2·1 ,!>:l:J '0:!0 11, :m 5,71G,U71 4G,i23,:l91 4.J,IG7,325 The appropriations here appear to be equal, but when we come to deduct the lands selected by individuals who had their choice to go into Southern or Northern tates, we find the Southern g rants for public purposes to bo forty millions against twenty-five millions of Northern ones. 1\Icn do not to any extent go voluntarily into the lave States, but vast numbers leave those States to settle in the Free ones, as is shown in the fact that the late cen 11s exhibits more than GOO,OOO people from the former settled in the latter, while the latter exhibit but 208,000 persons from the former; and if we deduct from them the number settled in the three States nearest the Free ones, Delaware, J\Iarybnd, and 1\Iissouri, which must belong to a Northern Union whenever formed, we shall find but 123,000 remaining, or about one to fi vc. Freedom is attractive and lavery is repul si ,·c. Men of activity and intelligence seck the Free States, leaving the old lave States to the occupation of men whose dreams arc of the lon~-pa sed days, when Virginia. "·as "the Ancient Dominion," and consoling thenu;chcs for present insignificance by paragraphs of which the following, taken from the Riclunoncl E.mmincr, is a specimen : "Vir:rinirr, in this rnnfrtlcl'(lry, is thr i111prr.~n11o/inu nf thr 1nr.ll-born, mrll r!lurMt•d,_?rrl/brrtlorislor1' tt/. Rl1o looks down fro111 lirr olevat crl pedestal upon her Jlllrllrllu, l :!llOra lil lllontlacions Yankee vililicn; as eoltfly aurl calrnly as a ru;•rhlo ~; tatrte. Ocras iou:tlly, in Cnn~ross, or in tho no111inarin~ ro~lvcruions of: tho I>crn~craric p:u·ry, s ho ('OndoscorHI;~, w lien her i nten·srs tlcrHalld 1 r, ro rcro~n 1 zo tho C.\IStC!l<'O <.11 lrcr advcrsarie,; at tho very IIIOIIleut when s ilo cnr~lies tlrcrn, hut sho does rt \~rtliottt a11!!er, and with 110 rnnrc hatred of tlicru than a l!:tnlcller fools towards tire 1nsects which he finds it11eccssary occasio11ally to destroy." The aristocracy docs not work. The democracy docs; and hence it is that the six Free and six lave tatcs, having rccci,·ed from the Treasury, for all purposes, an equal quantity of land, presented to dew, at the date of the la t census the followin(r coml)<Uison between the r ailroads com- ' 0 pleted and in progress: " The !1 i ref i "!! ~~ ates ' ' (If ()frio , llld iana, rlli IIOis, Iowa , Mic higan, l\' i~con,;irr, Cuutfdt•trtl. In pro!{rr:;s. 2,913 4,9J5 Tho arifitorratic , rates of l\li~-;,;onri, Alah;una, J\Jis,;issippi, Lou i,-iaua, 1\ rlcu1,;a,.;, F!on:f;1. Coutflll'lt•d. l u I' rn !t'l'.,.<, 4 17 :!,:lit) Appendix. 493 A similar comparison, now made out, would present results still more striking, but even this should be sufficient to satis fy our readers; first, of the insignificance of the trade ofl'ered by the f.iouth to theN orth as the price of Union, and second, that the enormous dill'erence existing is not due to any action of the Federal Ocl\·crnment, in the managcmcut of which the N~rth has so uniformly been denied the slighte::;t control. \Vc arc told, however, that the North must cling to the 1 outh if it would not r eturn to" the original poverty and W<'nkness" that must follow a dissolution of the Union. L et us look at this proposition. At the North, every body works. At the Nouth, the Jn·opc1·ty on I) works. FrcemC'n there think work di sgraceful, and do little of it. At the North, there is a def>ir·c to increase the value of labor and to free the laborer. At the 'outh, there is a universal desire to extend the a rea of Slavery, and to keep the laborer in a l'itatc of lavery, Cvt'n when he has "blue eyes and brown hair, and might readily pass for white." At the North, p rotection tends to diYcrsify the employment of labor, to increase the demand for it, and to increase its reward, while puulic opinion tends towards the gratuitous distribution of public land among the actual settlers of it, and the establishment of n. squ :~tter sovereignty. At the 1 outh, the H.ichmond Rnquircr, the organ of the Virginia a ristocracy above described, tells its renders that it has" little hope of the defeat of the [IIomcstead] bill. The conservatism of the Senate," as it con tinucs, "Will h;mfly r<'jor.t so plau!<ihlo an appral to pnpu l~r pas~.i on. Kin ~ CaurnR is no JonJ.!Or monarch; tho 111oro s~lft, >'luhrl o,. •trld pcr~uas 1 vc l'r111 r~ nf Donlitg'OI!tllsm now roi~ns SIIJH'Onlo in tho prov1uro of polttJcs. lt 1s barely JIO!;s iiJlo that tho lllOMuro 111ay ho arrostod by executive veto." Northern p olicy is a ttractive of immigration, because it looks thus to the elevation of the laborer. Immigration is a lwnys largest when mills and furnaces arc being built, and when there is the greatest dcmnntl for labor, and it always declines as mills a rc closed and furnaces arc permitted to go ont of blast.«· U nclcr the tariff of 18:28, immigration tr eblt'<l, and by l8:H it had reached 6.),000; a fter which it remained nearly stationary tmtil the tariff of 184.2 came fully into operati on, when it comme11ced to increase with such rapidity, that in 18,17, it harl already almosln'achcda quarter of a million, the point it would have touched ten years soonN, had the people of the North been permitted to d irect the operations of tht' government, in accordance with the views of Fran klin, \Vashiugton, J efl'cr ·on, 1\raclison, and Jack on; aud long before the present time it would have reached a million. To this however "the impersonation of the well-born, well-educated, and well-b' red aristo'c rat" is oppo eel. Tt dislikes "squatter sovercr.g nty, " and lt olds in g r ct1t contempt the people of "the hireling ta tcs," who .sell their own labor, while looking with great complacency upon the opcrattons of its own people engaged in feeding corn to men, women, and child rcn,.to be sold in Louisiana a11d Texas, there to swell" the immeuse commcrctal * Tho cansr,.; of tl1o innoasr of <'llligration nro vrry _n u1nernnfl, not ono only; ;ultJ tho chief ir; ci tL'IItUII I to it is clwap lau.l, HOt fur11acPs Ill blast, J . ''· 42 |