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Show REVIEWS AND RECENT PUBLICATIONS The Fur Trade. By Paul C. Phillips. With concluding chapters by J. W. Smurr. Two volumes. (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1961. Vol. I, xxvi + 686 pp.; Vol. II, viii + 696 pp. $16.50) The most recent edition of Hiram Chittenden's venerable classic on The American Fur Trade in the Far West contains a long preface by Grace Lee Nute, whose burden is that the work is long overdue for supersession. So much research intervenes between Chittenden's day and our own that a new synthesis is desperately awaited. Enlarging his canvas to include a view of the entire North American continent, the late Paul C. Phillips devoted a major part of his career to the painting of what he hoped would be a vast literary mural of the whole story of the fur trade. The amount of research required for the task today is so staggering that one man's lifetime could not compass it. Although the two volumes of The Fur Trade deal with the complete story, Professor Phillips died before the last part of the second volume was written. His associates had to patch up concluding chapters, chapters which in this reviewer's opinion leave Chittenden unsuperseded. Henceforth we will have to speak of two classics in the area: Phillips and Chittenden. Yet we have long needed the fuller treatment. For die first time Phillips presents the backdrop of the far western trade; indeed, he demonstrates very clearly that the trappers' push to the Rockies was 86 UTAH HISTORICAL QUARTERLY only the concluding phase of similar activity which commenced virtually with Columbus. With his fuller comprehension, Phillips approaches the subject far differently than does his predecessor. We become aware of the ancient markets for furs in Europe and of the consequent economic scheming to supply them which concerned not only merchants but monarchs and empires too. The complexity of all this, while hinted at in many previous studies, breaks upon us so bewilderingly in the present one that we cannot level any valid criticism against its incompleteness. Phillips tramped several continents for his data: no wonder that this researcher's feet could not reach the end. Yet he succeeds in proving the central role of the fur trade in the whole exploration and settlement of North America, in the European struggles of the eighteenth century for American dominance, in the winning of independence by the United States, and in the development of Canada and our own West from the Appalachians to the Pacific. Professor Phillips found little comfort in older views of the significance of the fur trade. The Turner thesis seemed to him unworkable for the subject, while romantic dwellings upon the life of the "free" mountain man appeared to varnish over a hard-bitten, aggressive, dog-eat- dog business. Phillips, therefore, focuses more upon the entrepreneur, the market, the economic imperialism of governments, and less upon the trapper himself. The result is that certain hitherto neglected chapters in the history of the fur trade, notably in the American colonial and revolutionary periods, loom up much more clearly. Such an emphasis, of course, will dissatisfy some readers. The Fur Trade does not read like a novel; rather, it reads like an economic history of the western world. In fact, it becomes at times almost an encyclopedia which one could wish were twice as long - not because one cannot lay it down, but because one hopes to find more detail on some subjects than space could permit. One example: Phillips mentions the Ohio Company in discussing the French-English rivalry for the upper Ohio country, but he omits that company entirely when he comes to the climactic battle at the Forks of the Ohio in 1754. Thus, the company's role in sending Washington out there in the first place, and in prompting, through its British investors, the retaliatory expedition and even the disastrous route of General Braddock, does not appear. The sketch is distorted by its brevity. REVIEWS AND RECENT PUBLICATIONS 87 The bibliography, similarly, fills eighty pages and yet is far from complete. Although the trade relations between French and Iroquois receive much attention, the author is apparently unaware of the very significant Wars of the Iroquois by Hunt. Bernard De Voto's name never turns up, despite the coupling of charm and global awareness which he achieved in Course of Empire. (De Voto had his faults, but he could have taught Phillips much about word wizardry.) This review began by insisting that Phillips does not replace Chittenden. In fact, die one's effectiveness breaks off where the other's begins. Utah scholars have been ignored in the present work, despite their output on the trade in this region. Lest this comment seem like local paranoia, we can find abundant evidences of incomplete use of vital materials in the far western chapters. It is strange, for instance, to read that Etienne Provot was one of Ashley's men when Dale Morgan's Jedediah Smith is cited in several places. All of which adds up to little more than a wish that Phillips had not been mortal. This reviewer concludes that an exhaustive synthesis of the fur trade is beyond one scholar's grasp. Perhaps an enterprising publisher will gather a stable of experts and co-ordinate dieir work in Cambridge History fashion. But please - let them not be too dull; let them save the thrills of wilderness conquest; let them remember that sociological and economic concepts cannot fully explain the dreams of those brave young men who took most of their pay in adventure. PHILIP C. STURGES University of Utah The Diary of James J. Strang. Deciphered, transcribed, introduced and annotated by Mark A. Strang. With a Foreword by Russel B. Nye. (East Lansing: Michigan State University Press, 1961. xiv + 78pp. $3.75) This little gem of a volume is a rich resource for the study of die social and intellectual makings of James J. Strang, one of the more controversial figures in early Mormon history. It is also an introduction to the Strangite schism he began, when, upon the deadi of Joseph Smitii, and within months of his entrance into the Mormon Church, Strang claimed for himself the right of leadership, and led off Saints to his Kingdom centers first at Voree, Wisconsin, and later at Beaver Island in northern Lake Michigan. One is disappointed to realize diat the only period of the stormy life covered by the diary is the five years 88 UTAH HISTORICAL QUARTERLY from 1831 to 1836 (the diarist aged 18 to 23 years); however, there is rejoicing at finding the gem so rich in the many colorful shafts of light it throws upon the thought, character, personality, and aspirations of the man. From the journal entries appears the image of a typical youth, a good teacher, an able debater, a steady reader, a confused, reflective, ambitious person. His life interests are already shaped. He cannot accept "the nice speculative contradictions of our divine theologians of our age." He waivers between atheism ("I am a perfect atheist") and his own concept of God as the benevolent Spirit of Nature. His own theology is yet to be formed. "I am fond of female company" he frankly proclaims as he tells of his attachments past and present. Ambitions? He has grand designs not short of the English crown. He must do more "if I am ever to rival Cesar or Napoleon which I have sworn to." "My mind has allways been filled with dreams of royalty and power." He might have to settle for less: "Some time since took a resolution which I now solemnly confirm, to be a Priest, a Lawyer, a Conqueror, and a Legislator unless I find better business." Whether he considered Mormonism that "better business," a last chance for him to head a grand design, we may never know. The grandson-editor emphasises his youthful dedication: "I am resolved to devote my life to the service of mankind." Few will agree with the editor, however, in saying that he was "one of the world's great thinkers and teachers." The diary was previously published in part in Milo M. Quaife, The Kingdom of Saint James, A Narrative of the Mormons. Now the diary is published in full with very important passages originally written in a private cipher fully deciphered, transcribed, and footnoted. The Foreword briefly sketches Strang's entire life. The Introduction by the grandson-editor attempts to interpret the man and his thought in the light of the diary and other sources. An annotated Bibliography is an excellent introduction to Strangite literature. S. GEORGE ELLSWORTH Utah State University "I Was Called To Dixie," The Virgin River Basin: Unique Experiences in Mormon Pioneering. By Andrew Karl Larson. (Salt Lake City: The Deseret News Press, 1961. xiv + 681 pp. $6.50) Although self-explanatory to most Utahns, the word "Dixie" in the title of this book may be misleading to non-Utahns or to those who REVIEWS AND RECENT PUBLICATIONS 89 have recently arrived in the state. Utah's "Dixie" is vaguely understood by the average Utahn to be that portion of southern Utah located in the vicinity of St. George. The volume under examination clearly defines Dixie as the region included in die whole Virgin River drainage - extending into northwestern Arizona and southeastern Nevada. Although never officially given the name of Dixie, the title was bestowed on the area by Mormon converts from the Southern states who were called by their church to settle in that part of southern Utah. They found to their great joy, that they could produce cotton, tobacco, nuts, and other agricultural crops normally associated with the South. The wording of die title should not mislead anyone into thinking that this book is an autobiography of any person. It is much more than that, although the wording is taken from a verse written by one of Dixie's pioneers. The book is an account of the founding and history of the numerous settlements in the Virgin River Basin. It is extensive in its scope; virtually nodiing is left out. The author has divided the work into six parts of several chapters each: "The Experimental Period," "The Cotton Mission," "The Cooperative Movement and Self-sufficiency," "Agricultural Developments," "Cultural Life in the Cotton Mission," and "Civic and Religious Affairs." As this outline suggests, not only details associated with the founding of the various settlements are given, but economic, social, and cultural developments as well. Herein are found fascinating accounts of Utah's experimentation with cotton culture; attempts to operate successfully a cotton factory, vineyards and wine production (which may surprise some current Mormons); detailed information about Dixie's extensive livestock industry, county fairs, early newspapers, pioneer music and drama, Indian relations, and mining boom; etc. In short, tiiis book opens the door to an understanding and fuller appreciation of the Mormon colonizing effort in a region that has, until now, been virtually neglected by historians. It is a significant contribution to the history of Utah and the West. Obviously, Professor Larson has spent a great deal of time searching for and assembling the rich supply of original source material from which this history is drawn. His book reflects the excellent use he has made of these documents. Where feasible he lets the pioneer record keepers tell their own story in their own words, thus adding considerable charm and color to the account. The volume is thoroughly annotated with footnotes located at the bottom of die page and con- 90 UTAH HISTORICAL QUARTERLY secutively numbered by chapters. It is adequately illustrated with several pages of portraits of Dixie's pioneers, pictures of historic sites and buildings, reproductions of early newspapers, and odier items. The book contains an extensive bibliography and an index. Many careful readers will doubtless feel that the years of meticulous and extensive research that have gone into this study deserve a more polished presentation. This reviewer is struck with the feeling that the final typing and the job of actually getting the book published was too hurriedly done in order to meet a real or imaginary deadline. A careful job of proofreading would have eliminated typographical errors and would have suggested other revisions in the interest of clarity. In a few instances footnotes belonging on one page are placed on the next - for no obvious reason. There is a lack of uniformity of footnote form from chapter to chapter. Chapter titles and sub-tides are sometimes improperly placed or omitted. Persons not already familiar with the geography of the Virgin River Basin will find die endpiece maps helpful but incomplete. The volume needs a better set of detailed maps. These are minor items that can be corrected for a second edition. But in die meantime diey tend to detract from an otherwise first-class volume. ~ _ ,, DAVID E. MILLER University of Utah Reports from Colorado, the Wildman Letters, 1859-1865, with Other Related Letters and Newspaper Reports, 1859. Edited, with introduction and notes, by LeRoy R. Hafen and Ann W. Hafen. (Glendale: The Arthur H. Clark Company, 1961. 333 pp. $12.00) The Pikes Peak gold rush of 1859 and the consequent settlement of the Colorado region constitute the setting for the letters of Thomas G., Augustus, and Mary B. Wildman and for the reports from newspapers, presented in this volume. The material is arranged chronologically. Dr. and Mrs. Hafen state that since they portrayed in considerable detail the discovery of gold in the Central Rockies in Volumes IX to XI of the Southwest Historical Series, published by The Arthur H. Clark Company in 1941 and 1942, that in this new work they consider it is "hardly necessary to do more here than outline that period and the preliminary developments." Thomas G. Wildman, son of Frederick S. Wildman, a land proprietor, capitalist, railway executive, and banker, of Danbury, Con- REVIEWS AND RECENT PUBLICATIONS 91 necticut, evidently decided to come West not only to seek his fortune in the gold fields but to try to atone for some of his so-called "past follies." Beginning widi a letter written to his brother Augustus from Quincy, Illinois, April 15, 1859, Thomas described his trip westward on foot with a freighting outfit, and some six weeks of prospecting, without success, near the Gregory Diggings (Central City). His letters mentioned many names and events now familiar to students of Colorado history. They also referred to the appearance of "Northern Lights," die clubbing of drunken Indians by a chief, and a description of Thanksgiving dinners with wild turkey. In October, 1859, Thomas Wildman became associated with R.E. Whitsett, deputy county recorder and city recorder in Denver, and assumed much of die responsibility of that office. Widi the arrival in Denver, on January 17, 1860, of Reverend J. H. Kehler, an Episcopalian minister and the father of attractive daughters, Thomas became intensely interested in helping to found the Church of St. John in the Wilderness, of which he was elected a vestryman. His brother, Augustus Wildman, arrived in Denver on September 20, 1860, in time to attend Tom's wedding on September 27. The bride was Miss Mary (Mollie) Kehler, the service being performed by the bride's father, Reverend Kehler. (At the same time, according to the Rocky Mountain News, Reverend Kehler also officiated at the marriage of another daughter, Crimona B., and Henry J. Rogers. Mr. Rogers was secretary of the newly-established Episcopal Church and was a vestryman.) There is evident confusion in this book between Hickory Rogers and H. J. Rogers as they are indexed as one person. H. J. Rogers (also spelled Rodgers), arrived in Denver early in 1859, having traded Missouri land for Denver lots. He became successful in business and in 1865 was vice-president of die First National Bank of Denver. The reports, covering the period June to December 1859, were gathered from newspapers, according to the editors, some years ago' by Mr. Elmer Burkey, while employed by the State Historical Society of Colorado, and by Dr. and Mrs. James F. Willard, of the University of Colorado'. The Wildman letters in Part III, which break off abruptly, leave the reader curious to know more about the later family life and accomplishments of the Wildmans, who returned to the East, as did so many of the Pikes Peakers who did not strike it rich. 92 UTAH HISTORICAL QUARTERLY Dr. and Mrs. Hafen, authorities on the great stampede to the Pikes Peak country, are to be praised upon having made this additional contribution to their previous valuable works. This book has been produced with the usual high quality of The Arthur H. Clark Company's Pr e s s - AGNES WRIGHT SPRING Colorado State Historical Society The Charles llfeld Company: A Study of the Rise and Decline of Mercantile Capitalism in New Mexico. By William J. Parish. (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1961. xxi + 431 pp. $10.00) That this fascinating study of a pioneer New Mexico merchant should appear in the Harvard Business History Series is testimony of the increasing interest in the business history of the American West. The book is the product of a long-time research effort initiated many years ago under the direction of the late Professor N. S. B. Gras, of Harvard. William J. Parish, who is now dean of the College of Business Administration at the University of New Mexico, obtained unrestricted access to all the papers, account books, correspondence, etc., of the Charles llfeld Company, which until recently operated many wholesale and retail branches in New Mexico. He has put together an interesting and fruitful study of the changing structure of business enterprise in New Mexico. A German-Jewish immigrant to the United States in 1865, Charles llfeld went into the general retailing business with relatives, and by 1867 was operating his own store. The fortunes of llfeld and his family are recorded through three generations, until the 1959 sale of the various remaining enterprises. As Parish describes him, Charles llfeld was: . . . a purveyor of news and a doer of helpful deeds. His letters, and those of his assistants have frequent notations of weddings, births, sickness, and death; of business failures and law suits. He was called upon to write letters for the illiterate, to collect pensions for those not familiar with government red tape, or to send cash for customers to relatives in Germany. He responded graciously to those who asked, and thoughtfully served those who perhaps unknowingly became dependent upon him. Distance and slow communication instilled in [him] a sense of responsibility and thoughtful-ness . . . which will be difficult to attain again under the impersonal and limited liability corporation. To illustrate the nature of his business, Ilfeld's three-story department store building on the Plaza in Las Vegas, New Mexico, contained REVIEWS AND RECENT PUBLICATIONS 93 five departments. In the basement was the grocery department, with liquor and hardware divisions. On the first floor were dry goods and allied merchandise. In addition to dry goods (wholesale), the second floor had a millinery and dressmaking department. The third floor was set aside for carpeting, to which a furniture department was later added. The frontier merchant's greatest service was in supplying goods on credit to small businesses, traders, farmers, trappers, lumbermen, and miners. His greatest problem was acquiring die eastern exchange with which to pay for the stock of groceries, hardware, and liquor which he shipped in from the East. (The liquor, the writer explains, was used partly as a "loss leader," for "the tin cup always hung free to the thirsty customer as he dropped in from his hot and dusty trip to town.") Some of Ilfeld's early customers were army personnel occupying the many military posts in New Mexico, and they were able to pay with drafts payable in the East. Other sources of eastern exchange were army contracts, mail contracts, and eastern and European investments in the area, particularly in railroads. The most consistent, reliable, and profitable method of acquiring eastern credit against which drafts could be drawn, however, was through the shipment of wool, hides, and metals. As the number of sheep and cattle ranchers in die territory grew, the merchant found it necessary to accept dieir stock in payment for mercantile debts. He thus acquired herds of sheep (and cattle), contracted them out, and eventually trailed them off to distant markets. When collection of the sheep, cattle, wool, hides, and pelts flooded him with inventories, he enlarged his facilities for pasturing the livestock and storing the produce. The disposal of sheep became a major preoccupation during the 1880's, '90's, and early years of this century. While llfeld was no sheepman, this was the only way he could protect or recover the credit he had extended to his customers. Western readers of this volume may be irritated by the author's attempt to make the operations of frontier enterprising conform to the framework of a terminology worked out many years ago by Professor Gras to fit an obviously different environment. This reviewer is not convinced that such terms as "petty capitalist," "sedentary merchant," and "mature mercantile capitalism" add anything to the understanding of frontier New Mexico; they seem to be unnecessarily pretentious and pedantic. Parish's terminology gives the impression of a kind of automatic progress from one stage of entrepreneurship to the next; but 94 UTAH HISTORICAL QUARTERLY his narrative clearly indicates that business policy was shaped primarily by the environment, rather than by any inherent dialectic. The author also has a tendency to reach out for parallels in completely different cultural contexts; these often detract from the narrative rather than illuminate it. Despite these shortcomings, the book is well-written. Dean Parish writes with clarity, has a good sense of drama, and concentrates on matters that are significant. With little more than a few letters and account books in front of him, he has magnificently unravelled the thread of pioneer mercantile policy. It would be a great service to Utah history if a person of such caliber were to make an equivalent study of William Jennings, the Auerbachs, or another one of the many important Utah merchants in the 1860's, '70's, and '80's. LEONARD J. ARRINGTON Utah State University Man of the Plains, Recollections of Luther North, 1856-1882. Edited by Donald F. Danker. (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1961. xx+ 350 pp. $4.75) It was at the insistence of the author and ethnologist, George B. Grinnell, that Luther North set down his recollections of the Scouts, of guarding the Union Pacific, and of cattle ranching on the Dismal River. After Grinnell's death in 1938, the manuscript became the property of the Nebraska State Historical Society. Annotated by the Society's Archivist, Dr. Donald F. Danker, the complete text is now published for the first time as Volume IV of the Pioneer Heritage Series. The University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln, has rendered a service to western historians by reprinting the following books, most of which are classics. Pawnee Hero Stories and Folk-Tales. By George Bird Grinnell. Reprint. (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1961. xiii + 417 pp. $1.65) In our fast-moving civilization the Indian, in the process of acculturation, is rapidly losing his "Indian-ness," and there is an urgent necessity to make sure that the traditions and values, tangible and intangible, of his culture are preserved. For this reason alone, quite apart REVIEWS AND RECENT PUBLICATIONS 95 from its intrinsic interest, the reprint of George Bird Grinnell's first book about the Indians is to be commended. Letters of a Woman Homesteader. By Elinore Pruitt Stewart. Reprint. (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1961. xii + 282 pp. $1.25) A young widow with her daughter accepts employment on a ranch in Wyoming and soon after marries the owner. Over a period of years, Elinore Stewart writes to her former employer telling her of her new life in a new country. Her letters endure and give pleasure because she reveals herself, the nature of the land in which she lives, and the work she does in the land which is part of our vanished past. Them Was the Days, an American Saga of the '70's. By Martha Ferguson McKeown. Reprint. (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1961. xvi + 282 pp. $1.25) There is an abundance of scholarly work, first-rate textbooks, and standard sources available in subject-matter fields dealing with the American West in the latter part of the nineteenth century. What is difficult to locate are supplementary readings of a kind which will grip and engross the mind: specifically, authentic personal accounts which have sufficient vitality, narrative interest, and detail so diat the scene becomes real, the events exciting, and the reader is led to a sense of identity with the men, women, and children who migrated westward to claim more than half the land of our nation. Them Was the Days is just such an account. Black Elk Speaks, Being the Life Story of a Holy Man of the Oglala Sioux. As told through John G. Neihardt. Reprint. (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1961. xv + 280 pp. $1.50) The narrative starts in 1863 when the white man first began encroaching on Sioux territory and ends shordy after the massacre at Wounded Knee in 1890, the end of the Sioux nation. Boy Life on the Prairie. By Hamlin Garland. Reprint. (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1961. xxiv + 435 pp. $1.40) This book deals directly and specifically with what it was like to grow up in northeast Iowa in the years just after the Civil War. The book stands as a well-shaped record of a by-gone way of life. 96 UTAH HISTORICAL QUARTERLY The Differential Development Among Anglos and Mexicans in the Mormon Colonies of Northwestern Mexico. By LeRona McD. Wilson. (Columbus: Ohio State University, 1961) A Dynasty of Western Outlaws. By Paul Iselin Wellman. (Garden City, New York: Doubleday and Company, 1961) /. Bracken Lee, the Taxpayer's Champion. By George B. Russell. (New York: Robert Speller & Sons, Inc., 1961) The Savage Country. By Walter O'Meara. (Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1960) Stories of our Mormon Hymns. By J. Spencer Cornwall. (Salt Lake City: Deseret Book Company, 1961) American Scene - IV, Summer, 1961: "Presents Frederic Remington [issue devoted to Remington as historian, painter, and sculptor]." The Bulletin [Missouri Historical Society]-XVIII, October 1961: "Kirk Anderson's Trip to Utah, 1858," by Eugene T. Wells, 3-19. Circuit - September-October 1961: "Where We Stand, Colorado River Project Transmission [Utah Power and Light Company, The Western Colorado Power Company, and Telluride Power Company]." Deseret News and Salt Lake Telegram, Church News - October 28, 1961: "Vacated Buildings Stir Many Memories [Brigham Young Memorial Building, Barratt Hall, Presiding Bishop's Office Building, L.D.S. Business College, Deseret Gymnasium, and Joseph F. Smith Memorial Building]," by Monitor C. Noyce. Desert - October 1961: "More on the Image of the West: Two Artists; Two Impressions [Frederic Remington and Gerard Curtis Delano]," by Eugene L. Conrotto, 25-26. REVIEWS AND RECENT PUBLICATIONS 97 Esquire, the Magazine for Men - August 1961: "The Adult West," by Neil Morgan, 29-40. From Wilderness to Empire; the Role of Utah in Western Economic History - Monograph No. 1, 1961: By Leonard J. Arrington. Institute of American Studies, University of Utah. The Improvement Era-LXIV, October 1961: "First Mission to Britain," by Stanley Buchholz Kimball, 720ff. Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society - LIV, Summer, 1961: "The Nauvoo Legion, 1840-1845 - A Unique Military Organization," by Hamilton Gardner, 181-97. Millennial Star - CXXIII, September 1961: "The Scottish-Irish Mission," by Bernard P. Brockbank, 410-15. New England Quarterly - XXXIV, June 1961: "Mound-builders, Mormons, and William Cullen Bryant," by Dahl Curtis, 178-90. The Palimpsest - XLII, September 1961: The Council Bluffs Story, Through the Nonpareil's Eyes, "Kanesville," "Council Bluffs Emerges," "A Town Takes on City Ways," and "Those Twentieth Century Years," edited by William J. Petersen [special issue devoted to Council Bluffs, published by the State Historical Society of Iowa]. The Relief Society Magazine - XLVIII, October 1961: "The Last Days of President Brigham Young," by Preston Nibley, 644-50. Saints' Herald - CVIII, September 25, 1961: "Nauvoo and a Corner of Illinois, Refugees," by Pearl Wilcox, Part I, 14-16; October 2, 1961: "Nauvoo and a Corner of Illinois, Acquiring Land," Part II, 14-16; October 9, 1961: "Nauvoo and a Corner of Illinois, Latter Day Saints Settlements," Part III, 16-18; October 16, 1961: "Nauvoo and a Corner of Illinois, Gathering and Building," Part IV, 16-18; October 23, 1961: "Nauvoo and a Corner of Illinois, 98 UTAH HISTORICAL QUARTERLY Historic Trio [The Homestead, Nauvoo House, and Mansion House]," Part V, 15-18; October 30, 1961: "Nauvoo and a Corner of Illinois, Businesses," Part VI, 14-16; November 6, 1961: "Nauvoo and a Corner of Illinois, Journalism," Part VII, 14-16. The Saturday Evening Post- CCIV, September 2, 1961: "Tourists' New Frontier [Utah's new state parks]," by Richard Thruel-sen, 30ff. Sierra Club Bulletin - XLVI, September 1961: "Udall and Freeman Make History at Four Corners," by Bruce M. Kilgore, 4ff. Time, the Weekly Newsmagazine - LXXVIII, August 11, 1961: "Mission to Europe [under the title Religion, concerns the work of the Mormon missionaries in Europe, particularly Germany]," 40. True West - December 1961: "Brigham Young and the Saints Went Marching," by Mark Evans, 20ff. Utah Archaeology, A Newsletter - VII, September 1961: "The Prehistory of Central and Northern Utah," by Melvin Aikens, 3-15; "USAS - UCRBASP Joint Excavation in the Plainfield Reservoir [test excavations in Plainfield Reservoir area, which is a portion of the Upper Colorado Water Storage Project which will be flooded]," by David M. Pendergast, 15-21. Utah Educational Review - November 1961: "Council House to Coordinating Council [brief history of education in Utah]," by H. Grant Vest, 16ff. Utah Engineering and Science - II, June 1961: "The Drought Situation in Utah," by Jay R. Bingham and Richard Vetterli, 2-5; "The First Trail Across the Great Salt Desert," by Henry J. Webb, 8ff. The Westerners New York Posse Brand Book - VIII, 1961: "George Catlin, A Memoir," by Peter Decker, 25ff. Westways - LIII, November 1961: "How They Wired the Union [telegraph crossing the continent, Salt Lake City is mentioned]," by Remi Nadeau, 24-25. |
