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Show 382 SEXUAL SELECTION : MAN. PART H. thr~ugh sexual selection; but this view is supported by vanous analogies, and we know that ne()"roes admire their own blackness. With mammals, wh~n the sexes differ in colour, the male is often black or mu<:h darker than tho female ; and it depends merely on the form of inheritance whether this or any other tint shall be transmitted to both sexes or to one alone. The resemblance of Pithecia satanas with his jet black skin, white rolling eyeballs, and hair parted on the top of the head, to a negro in miniature, is almost ludicrous. The colour of the face differs much more widely in the various kinds of monkeys than it does in the races of man ; and we have good reason to believe that the red, blue, orange, almost white and black tints of their skin, even when common to both sexes, and tho brjght colours of their fur, as well as the ornamental tufts of hair about the head, have all been acquired through sexual selection. As the newly-born infants of the most distinct races do not differ nearly as much in colour as do the adults, although their bodies are completely destitute of hair, we have some slight indication that the tints of the different races were acquired subsequently to tho removal of the hair, which, as before stated, must have occurred at a very early period. Summary.-We may conclude that tho greater si:~:e, ?trength, c.ourag~, pugnacity, and even energy of man, m companson w1th tho same qualities in woman were acquired during primeval times, and have subseq~ently been augmented, chiefly through the contests of rival ~ales for the. possession of the females. Tho greater mtellectual v1gour and power of invention in man is probably due to natural selection combined with the inherited effects of habit, for the most able men will have succeeded best in defending and providing for CHAP. XX. SUMMARY. 383 themselves, their wives and offspring. As far as the extreme intricacy of the subject permits us to judge, it appears that our male ape-like progenitors acquired their beards as an ornament to charm or excite the opposite sex, and transmitted them to man as he now exists. Tho females apparently were first denuded of hair in like manner as a sexual ornament; but they transmitted this character almost equally to both sexes. It is not improbable that the females were modified in other respects for the same purpose and through tho same means; so that women have acquired sweeter voices and become more beautiful than men. It deserves particular attention that with mankind all the conditions for sexual selection were much moro favourable, during a very early period, when man had only j~st attained to the rank of manhood, than dnring later times. For he would then, as we may safely conclude, have been g.uided more by his instinctive passions, and less by foresight or 1·eason. He would not then have been so utterly licentious as many savages now are; and each male would have jealously guarded his wife or wives. He would not then have practised infanticide· nor valued his wives merely as useful slaves; nor hav; ?con betrothed to them during infancy. Hence we may mfer that the races of men were differentiated, as far as sexual selection is concerned, in chief part during a very remote epoch; and this conclusion throws light on the remarkable fact that at the most ancient period, of which we have as yet obtained any record, the races of man had already come to differ nearly or quite as much as they do at the present day. Th~ views hero advanced, on the part which sexual selectiOn bus played in the history of man, want scientific precision. He who does not admit this agency in the case of the lower animals, will properly disregard |