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Show 320 SEXU.\L SELECTION: 1\1:\.N. l'Atn rr. In regard to tho general hairyness of the body, thewomen in all races arc less hairy than the men, and in some few Quadrumana the under side of tho body or the female is le:'is hairy than that of the male.10 Lastly, male monkeys, like men, are bolder and fiercer than tho females. They lead the troop, and when there is danger, come to the front. vVe thus see how close is tho parallelism between tho sexual differences of man and the Quadrumana. vVith some few species, howover, as with certain baboons, the gorilla and orang, there is a considerably greater difference between the sexes, in the sir.o of the canine t eeth, in the development and colour of tho hair, and especially in tho colour of tho naked parts of the skin, than in the case of mankind. The secondary sexual charaetors of man are all highly variable, even within the limits of tho same race or sub-species ; and they differ much in the several races. rl'hese two rnles generally hold good throughout tho animal kingdom. In the excellent observations made on board tho Novara, 11 tho male Australians were found to exceed tho fe males Ly only 65 millim. in height, whilst \Yith the Javanese the average excess was 218 millim., so that in this latter race the difference in height nml confi ned llfacacus cynomolgus, whose moustaches were " remnrkablr long and huma n-like." Altogether thi~ old monkey presented aludicruu.s rcsomblauce to one of the reigning monnrcl1s of Europo, n.fLor whom lt C! wo.s universally nick-no.mcd. In certa in mccs of man tho Jmir ou tho h oar! hardly ever becomes gr ey; titus l\Ir. D. F orbes has never seen, ns he informs me, au ini::itn.nco with the Aymaras and Quichuas or S. America. 10 This is the case wilh tho females of several species of Uylobatcs, see Geoffroy St.-Hilaire and F. Cuvier, ' IIi~ t. rat. d es l\famm.' tom. i. Sec, al so, on II. lar. ' P enny Encyclopotlia,' vol. ii. p. 149, 150. 11 The results wore tl ~duoed. by Dr. Weisbach fr0m tho measurements marlc by Drs. K. Scherzer nnd cl1wo.rz, see' Heise dcr 1:\'ovara : Anthropolog. 'l'heil,' 18U7, s. 216, 23 1, 23{, 236, 239, 269. CIIAP. XIX. SEXUAL DIFFERENCES. 321 between the soxeR is more than thriee as groat as with the Australian . . Tho numerous measurements of various other races, with r espect to stature, the circumference of the neck and ehest, and the length of tl1e back-bone and arms, which were carefully made, nearly all shewed that the males differed much more from eac]~ other than diu the females. This fact indicates that, as far as these characters are concerned, it is the malo which has been chiefly modified, since the races eli verged f rom their common and primeval source. The development of the beard aml the hairiness of the body difier remarkably in the mon belono-ino- to 1 . . b 0 ( 1stmct races, and oren to different families in the same race. vVe Europeans see this amongst oursol ves. In the island of St. Kildn, according to Martin/ 2 tho men ao not acquire beards, which are very thin, until tlte age of thirty or upwards. On the Europmo-Asiatic continent, beards prevail until we })a s beyond India, though with tho natives of Oey Ion they are frequently <tusent, as was noticed in ancient times by Diodorus.U l>eyond Imlia beards disappear, as with tho Siamese, Malays, Kalmucks, Chinese, and Japanese ; nevertheless the Ainos/ 4 who inhabit the northernmost islands of the Japan archi pclago, are the most hairy men in the ·world. With negroes the beard is scanty or absent, and they have no whiskers; in both sexes the body is almost destitute of :fine uown.15 On the other hand, the Pa- 12 'Voyage to St. Kildn,' (3rd edit. 1753) p. 37. 13 Sir J. E . Tennent,' Ceylon,' vol. ii. 1859, p. 107. 14 Quntrefagcs, 'Revue des Cow·s Soientifiques,' Ang. 29, 1868, p. 630; Vogt, ' Lectures on l\Ian,' Eng. tmnslat. p. 127. 15 On the beards of negroes, Vogt, ' Lectures,' &c. ihid. p. 127; Waitz, 'Introduct. to Anthropology,' Engl. translat. 1El6H, vol. i. p. 96. It is rcmnrhble t.hat in 1h.e :t.Jnitc.d 8tates (' Invesiigatious in l\Iililary an(l Anthropological Sll:thshcs of American SoJ<lior.s,' 1869, p. 569) the YO~ IL y |