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Show 266 SEXUAL SELECTION: l\IAM1\1ALS. PART II. strengthen those in the upper jaw, from beiu~ ground so as to :fit closely against their bases. Ne1ther th? upper nor the lower tusks appear to have been spemally modified to act as guards, though, no doubt, the_Y are thus used to a certain extent. But the wart-hog JS not destitute of other special means of protection, for there exists, on each sicle of the face, beneath the eyes, a rather stiff, yet flexible, cartilagin?us, oblong pud (fig. G5), which projects two or three mches outwa~·<lt>; nud it appeared to Mr. Bartlett and myself, when vwwiug the living animal, that these pads, when struck ft:om beneath by the tu ks of an oppon~nt, would. be turne·l upwards and would thus protect 111 an adnurable manner the 'somewhat prominent eyes. These boars, a~ I may ad<l on the authority of 1\'Ir. Bartlett, when :fightmg toO'ether stand directly face to face. Lastl;, the African river-hog (Potamochoerus p~nicillatus) lms a hard. cartilaginous knob on each s1d~ of the face beneath tbe eyes, which answers to the flexible pad of the wart-hog; it has also t'~o bony prominenc~s on the upper jaw above the nostnls. A boar of ~lns species in tbe Zoological Gard.ens recently b~·oke mto the caO'c of the wart-hog. They fought all mght-long, and w~re found in the rooming mnch exhausted, bnt not seriously YI'OUIHlcd. It is a significant fact, as shewino· the purpose of the above-described projections and e;~rescences, that these were covere<l with blood, and were scored and abraded in an extraordinary manner. The mane of the lion forms a good defence against the one danger to which he is liable, namely the ~ttacks of rival lions: for the males, as Sir. A. Sm1th informs me, engage in terrible battles, and a yo~ng lion dares not approach an old one. In 1857 a tiger at Bromwich broke into the cage of a lion, and a . CHAP. xvu. MEANS OF DEFENCE. 267 fearful scene ensued ; "the lion's mane saved his neck "and hend from being much injured, but the tiger at :: la~t succeeded in 1·ipping up his belly, and in a few mmutes he. was dead." 37 The broad l'll:ff round the ~hroat and chm ~f the Canadian lynx (Felis Canadensis) IS much .longer m the male than in the female; but whether It serves as a defence I do not know. Male seals are welllmo':n t? :fight desperately together, and the mnJes ~f certam lnncls (OtariaJ~tbata)3a have great manes, whilst the females have small ones or none Tho male Lab.oon of the Cape of Good Hope (Cynoce~ pha!us porcanus) has a much longer mane and larger ca~me teeth than th? female; and the mane probably ~cives as a ~rotectwn, for on asking the keepers m the Zoological Gardeus, without giving them any c!ue to my object, whether any of the monkeys especmlly attacked each other by the nape of the neck, I was answered that this was not the case, exceptinO' with the above baboon. In the Hamadryas babo~n, Ehrenberg compares the mane of the adult male to that ?f a young lion, whilst in the young of both sexes and m the female the mane is almost absent. It appeared to me probable that the immeuse woolly mane of the male American bison, which reaches ?lmost to the ground, and is much more developed In ~be males than in the females, served as a protec~ wn to them in their terrible battles; but an expenenced hunter told Judge Caton that he had never observed anything which favoured this belief. The 87 'The 'fimes,' Nov. 1Oth, 1857. In regard to the Canada I nx see Audubon .and llachmau, 'Quaurupeds of N. America' 1846 p ~so' JS Dr: 1\func, on Otaria, 'Proc. Zoolog. Soc.' 1869, p. 109. l\fr. ·J. A: A~l·e~ .m 1 tho paper above quoted (p. 75), doubts whcthe1· tho hair b w 10 IB onger on the neck in the male than in the female deserves t; o called a. mane. ' |