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Show 1 9 0 4 .] ANTHROPOID APES. 4 1 5 doubtful characters, from lack of material, for Gorilla castaneiceps of Slack. The latter author gives as one of the principal characters (if not the principal) of his species, the red crown ; now I have seen a good many Gaboon and Ogowe Gorillas, and I have found the red colour so variable that I am forced to regard Gorilla castaneiceps merely as a casual aberration of Gorilla gorilla. The cranial characters, as given by Matschie, appear to me also very uncertain. On the other hand, the Gorilla manyema of Alix and Bouvier I believe to be a very large ape of the group of Simia vellerosus Gray, and not a Gorilla at all, although Professor Matschie places it as a synonym of Gorilla castaneiceps. While I consider G. castaneiceps to be an aberration only of G. gorilla, I think Professor Matschie was rather bold to unite all South Camaroons Gorillas with the typical Gaboon G. gorilla. The Camaroons specimens I have seen appear to me to have shorter and stouter limb-bones, much longer hair, and the skulls show as a rule, though not always, a higher crista sagittalis. The facial portion is also shorter than in G. gorilla. These characters are more or less given by Matschie as probable points of distinction between G. castaneiceps and G. gorilla, but Slack did not found his species on these characters. Professor Matschie has separated the North Camaroons form of Gorilla as G. diehli on the evidence of eight skulls, all of which have the planum nuchale much wider than high. I am inclined to think that the N. and S. Camaroons Gorillas are merely geographical races of the Gaboon and Ogowe Gorilla gorilla, while, owing to the presence of full beard and the skull having certain very peculiar differences, the Gorilla from Kirunga, in German East Africa, ought to be upheld as a species, at least till we can examine fuller material. I propose to call the S. Camaroons race Gorilla gorilla matschiei, subsp. nov. Hair longer than in Gorilla gorilla, whole back and fore part of legs much greyer, limbs much shorter and stouter ; crest of skull generally higher and rising closer to the arcus superciliaris; skull generally shorter: female much greyer. From the foregoing particulars it will be seen that Gorilla gorilla and G. gorilla matschiei differ widely in the proportions of their skulls. (I have compared five fully adult males of equal size, all much above the averge size.) The most striking differences are certainly in the shape of the hinder surface of head and the basioccipital bone, as well as the very widely different portion of the lower jaw comprising the coronoid process and the articular condyle. I have compared numerous other Gorillas' skulls-in all 27 J and $ , adult and young-in my possession, both from the Gaboon and the Camaroons, but they are all more or less imperfect or less adult than the five compared, so that the measurements could only have been partially given, therefore I did not think it advisable to quote them in this paper. The casts of the type skulls S $ of Gorilla diehli Matschie agree perfectly with two skulls wanting the lower jaws which 1 |