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Show me ees cc veae aD Sc Sth dL SOP CSCO TEST PPh Core ee Sr be ria Re ee eh or ee ee tS ee he OPS Pes ee ly. : e Solis} Siatious poe Se Seer' as Co? ane Se emp . THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO are no index of a change their great population ; one hundred Pueblo Indians were capa- ble of building twenty-five pueblos (villages) in a century; if by chance anything happened to his water supply, forthwith he moved; if his pueblo was sacked by enemies, he built another, but rarely in the same place. All of this finds abundant documentary proof. The Pueblos have always contended that they hold their lands by titles even superior to that of the United States government, and that they are absolute citizens of the United States, and have managed themselves and their affairs for hundreds of years, having built up customs and a local form of municipal government consisting of a vast number of officials, each of whom has a special duty to similar to the one dances, performed the Snake Dance, one Don Antonio Espejo saw now given by the Moquis. icieronnos Un mitote y ‘‘H ma— Aco at es danc e of thes Lacrven1 y hacve | galana baile muy solemne, saliendo la gente muy q E Pee Eee PAI EE eeeBe pa PET e CPoa Cad AL FL PE erSa Sete FRE Poe hitak Led ps pes caer?wees PEERPP id Pot PAP) LF cata. werk @ 72, Py = and of ruins A to move —— them cL induced the great number * habitations; 7-3-9 ro happen which court permanently tion of their long line of ancestors, this oo them, and to confirms decree this restores, and by t 0 n protectio law’s the of around them the shield L “i In this case religious love, piety and confidence. confirming to t that Spain had given this people, ee lands, and the oe possession and ownership of their found in one ands was lived, long so have they on which instructed an sr of one professing to be of a better into the means Of eXhim by turned and civilized race, the inoffensive 11tortion and money gathering from vont habitants. judicial agents ea “Tt is gratifying to us to be the devotion, as we a — and faith their of object an which written anne tha Asi ancient manuscript, that is the their soil and their a to rights ancient their tablished d to their posses confirme and restored are more safely and keeping.’’ g other ceremonial In early times the Acomas, amon se factory. It is true that they were agriculturists and built permanent homes, 7. e., permanent until something might and left them victims to doubt, cherished object of the phen Pet Phe about. I do not consider the word ‘‘sedentary’’ as entirely satis- these sons of Montezuma The to gloom and fear. FE ae PSE ee these al- and ramble of the Rock the religious affections of these children Pueblos Acoma. They had been deprived by neighboring patron of their of the ancient likenesses in full painting the philosoor guardian saint, San José. However much smile at the may n Christia ned enlighte more pher or ee simple faith of these people in their supposed them it was a Pil “3 and entire guardian of the Pueblo, to by day, the wit : of Fire by night and a Pillar of Cloud the hopes 0 drawal of whose light and shade crushed ere lotments, to curb this tendency to move this Pueblo the present session, this is the second in which The first keenly — has been the party complainant. o DES Re pueblo and building another in a different locality, and it was doubtless the policy of Cruzate, in making chief justice, in the case of oerF as of sedentary habits, thought nothing of abandoning a Benedict, cx many pueblos in the Province. Strange as it may seem, the Pueblo Indian, while known by Kirby a The Spanish authorities, prior to the ‘‘grants’’ made by Cruzate, never allotted any specific tracts of land to the rendered viz: Dela O vs. The Pueblo de Acoma, decided in 1857, we ‘‘Having closed our view of the merits of this case, interestmay be indulged in reflecting that of the highly e during ing causes we have had to consider and determin ae rative, says: ‘‘Y de todo esto hay sementeres de riego y de temporal con muy buenas sacas de agua y que lo labran como los Mexicanos.’’ The Acomas did not raise cotton; they bought it either from the Moquis or from the pueblos of the Rio Grande. ; perform with regard to the management and control of i. the internal affairs of the pueblos. These views are referred to in some of the decisions of the supreme court of New Mexico deciding Pueblo matdecision ters, as witness the following quotation from a RAR tee, . anPad —— people left; those remaining were suddenly deprived of the power to reach the plain, owing to a fall of the rock and those died of hunger. This ancient pueblo was reached by Mr. F. W. Hodge, in 1897, who made the ascent, where he found enough remains to justify the tradition that a pueblo had once stood on top of the rock. The use of the water referred to by Ojeda was not only for domestic, but for purposes of irrigation. These Indians understood the use of water for irrigation in preSpanish times. It is true that corn and beans did not necessarily require irrigation, as these crops grow and mature on the high mesas today without water artificially supplied. Around ruins, known to be pre-Spanish, evidences of irrigating ditches are found. Espejo in his nar- 461 Sz THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO Fer 460 |