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Show PL ah to 85 see Ra oe ae oat ek deeded 12 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 13 hunger and thirst. Accordingly, it was decided to offer open battle to the enemy at daybreak the next morning (August 20). And at that time the small force of Spanlards ‘invoking the name of the Virgin Santa Maria’ rushed from the royal houses upon the surprised Indians, running over them and trampling them under their horses’ feet, and niacin aieeinetit mas me (2 as seh hack es ose ad ed BO Sec Pde a | ae deet a | Patani Ene aad eal hae tt“ nale “eal te a ee ee aes lel ae et Tie ld ea : ei "ti es dislodging them from the streets and houses in which they rd ta A ects aCLEGGee Cd Seie edae nk hin toh ck ed ba hdhoi lkteak csane opt[SerStn: Ph et i were. The Indians were completely discomfited by this sudden and unexpected attack from the Spaniards, and in a few hours (Otermin says he stopped fighting at the eleyenth hour of the morning), after two small skirmishes, more than fifteen hundred of their number were in flight, three hundred were left dead in the Villa, and forty-seven others were captured, while eleven firearms, more than eighty head of cattle, and other spoils were regained by the Spaniards and taken back to the royal houses. ‘‘Thus, after a period of five days, ended the siege of Santa Fe. During this time the Spaniards had been surrounded by a body of Indians nearly twice their total number. In the two pitched battles of this Slege, as well as in the various skirmishes and minor engagements, the casualties among the Indians had been heavy, while the Spaniards during the whole time lost only the Maestre de Campo, Andrés Gomez and four soldiers. A number, however, were wounded, including the governor, who received a pain- ful though not dangerous flesh wound in the breast. heavy The loss of the Indians as compared with that of the Spaniards can be accounted for by the fact that the latter were better trained in the more improved and scientific tactics of war, and consequently fought with more system and organization. The real strength of the Indians, on the other hand, lay not in their organization as a military body, but merely in their Superior numbers. N evertheless, it 1s not to be wondered at that the Spaniards considered the outcome miraculous, and due to the ‘Most Serene Virgin,’ whose name they had invoked in their skirmishe s and attacks upon the Christian apostates. ’’ Of the abandonment of the city and the retreat to the south, Mr. Hackett says: ‘It wag evident that it would be useless to attempt to maintain themselves longer in such a condition. Hearkening therefore, to the s plea of alcaldes, captains of war, soldiers, andunanimou missionaries, Phere e- a a Dee > ae? oo . ee b a Otermin, looking as he said, ‘to the greater service of the two majesties’ determined on the 21st day of August to abandon the Villa and march toward Isleta, in the best military order possible, before the Indians could recover from eee odd S253" SE SCRE | yrs eee ye SC FT) = SS SS Ph eC yr i hee wi bd Pad CoC F Ey 52 37) EL eCEL Vids Sele, Fe) LRP LS SEROTeVE} Re tS bee ® ae ee - s : 5 4 4 ‘a ‘Sq! es ke er ee ae oe re DjALF DPBS BIS a ee gw! ry a Lab 50s XE RS iSE YE Oe BENE DE RE OL fj be aT gi Bt Pak OLphat oc act Tuerco ee ieRGR 2:~s Sta MERere 7 . Hh their losses, ally themselves with the Apaches, and make another attack. Accordingly, orders were issued to the secretary of government and war, Francisco Xavier, to collect all the property of the governor’s own hacienda and distribute it equally among the people in the royal houses, that they might go out ‘protected and sustained.’ These provisions as distributed to the one thousand and more men, women and children, chiefly consisted of wearing apparel, such as shoes, shirts, uniforms, overcoats and other supplies, together with all the horses that were left, for the use of the people in leaving the province. The value of all these things which Otermin gave, free of charge, was according to the estimate of Xavier, 8,000 pesos. These supplies having been distributed it was decided to set out the Same day and march one league from the Villa. ‘“‘Thus, turning their backs on the charred remains of what had once been the houses and the church of the Villa of Santa Fe, this body of refugees, with their faces toward the south, started out through the ruined districts to join their countrymen, and fellow sufferers, who, as: they thought, were at Isleta, but who, as will be seen, had already left that pueblo in defense of their own lives a week before.’’ On the second day out from the Villa, the refugees had reached the arroyo de San Marcos, at which place we have an account of the proceedings taken by the governor. OTERMIN, DON ANTONIO pz, Salida para El Paso del Norte, 23 de Agosto, hasta 5 de Octubre de 1680. ‘‘On the 23rd day of August, 1680, having encamped at the Arroyo of San Marcos, hoisted the royal banner and with His Excellency making up the body-guard of the army, the sargento mayor Bernabe Marquez and other soldiers brought captive, an Indian of the Teguas tribe, a Christian and of those who were on the war-path, who said his name was Antonio. He was a servant of the sargento mayor, Bernabe Marquez, having been such along with others at the Casas Reales from which he had fled and had been captured while hiding in a corn field near the Cerrillos (little hills) and when taken prisoner had in his posSession a bow and arrow; and, having appeared before the Governor and being conversant with the Spanish tongue, he was sworn in the name of God our Lord, and by making the sign of the cross, to tell the truth; and, having been questioned as to the reasons for his leaving royal service and joining the hostiles, he stated the that he |
