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Show A myey > , a ' seat Ti ae eae ‘ paghehs : ee ate ; Te ucae ae eeeee CS eta if at je ine TEAR HGH aps eye ae * 7 Ce eeFhe? etbad 2 ee afe Be oe bt aed Tad”Cs et” See ee ete ee ee , ‘~ wr 4 aa me ae 2 THESPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 7 Se hard nan =Pab he badis tak cs tad Sr a a Bs — Ll Moda on as By Sesh a ee ee Sd ee ee at tk he sede at ek baerak De 9 sss el ee St dl ee Pe FB ol ee a= Pat hadpee elt Se ee oe ae > Sack el el ee ee Del ahah hese 6 fusion as to the date agreed upon; and whereas the revolt was not expected until the night of the 13th, it actually took place, as has been seen, on the 10th of August. Early in the morning of that day the Taoans and their allies the Apaches, fell upon the settlers and missionaries of the valley, numbering seventy or more persons in all, and, in the general slaughter that followed, only two escaped. These were the sargentos mayores, Sebastian de Herrera and Don Fernando de Chaves, who, leaving their wives and children dead in the pueblo, by fighting and defending themselves as best they could, finally made their way through the devastated districts, and, on the seventh day after the general convocation, came in sight of the villa, which was then being besieged by a large force of the allied nations. Being unable to enter, they continued on their way south, and on the 20th of the month joined Garcia’s division of refugees below Isleta. At Picuriés there was the same general slaughter of Spaniards and missionaries, there being no record in my sources of any that escaped from there, nor, in fact, of the number that were living there at that time. In both Taos and Picuriés the churches were either burned or profaned, the fields and houses of the Spaniards plunhea and many other depredations committed by the In1ans. ‘‘Meanwhile the Taos and Picuriés Indians, having meted out vengeance on the Spaniards in their midst, and having laid waste their fields and other property, joined the Tewa Indians and moved on to Santa Fe, which was already under siege by the Pecos and Tanos Indians. They reached it Just in time to furnish much needed reénforcements for the allies.’’ At the pucblo of Tesuque, says Mr. Hackett, ‘‘ None was more revolutionary than this, whose chiefs had long occupied a place in the councils of the allies. It is largely to the credit of this pueblo that plans for an immediate revolt were determined upon when the two messengers, Catua and Omtua, were arrested in Tesuque on August 9. For, beheving that the conspiracy was discovered, the Indians of Tesuque notified the other pueblos in the province in time to begin the revolt at practically the same hour as had been the original plan. Moreover, Tesuque itself seems to have been the pueblo to strike the first blow in the revolt, for as early as the evening of Friday the 9th — doubtless after the arrest of Catua and Omtua — a Spaniard named Cristobal de Herrera was killed there, though no details are re- corded for this incident. The real character of their de- PET oo BE PL seal pear VS esee: 24 4 eee ae a ea SS epee. Ser termination, however, is shown by their attack the next morning on Father Juan Pio and a soldier named Pedro Hidalgo. According to the statement of the latter, before daybreak on the morning of August 10, he started out from Santa Fe to Tesuque, accompanying Father Pio, who was going there to say mass. On reaching that pueblo they found it entirely deserted. But, proceeding, they overtook the inhabitants of Tesuque and Cuyamunque, about a quarter of a league from the former pueblo, where they found many of the Indians painted in war colors, and armed with bows, arrows, lances, and shields. Father Pio, when he had drawn near to them boldly asked, ‘What does this mean, my children, are you crazy? Do not disquiet yourselves, for I will aid you and will die a thousand deaths for you.’ And passing quickly on to summon back to the pueblo the main body of the people, who were going toward the mountain, in order that he might say mass for them, he entered a ravine, while Hidalgo was stationed on a knoll to intercept any who might pass that way. While waiting there Hidalgo saw an Indian named El Obi come out of the ravine with a shield which the priest had carried, and also a little later he saw the interpreter of the pueblo, named Nicolas, painted with clay, and bespattered with blood, come out from the same place. These and others approached him, caught his horse by the bridle reins, and took away his sword and hat. Fearing injury at their hands he seized his arquebus, put spurs to his horse, and was able to escape to the plain below, even dragging for some distance those who held on to him, while those from above shot many arrows at him, without effect. The priest did not come out, and Hidalgo judged, from what he had seen and experienced, that he must have been killed, and so hastened back to the Villa, reaching there about seven o’clock in the morning. ’’ Mr. Hackett does not give the correct spelling of the word Cuyamungué. The orthography is as I have given it, in all the archives, and as pronounced by the Indians has the accent upon the last syllable. The pueblo was abandoned after the re-conquest and the lands formerly of the pueblo were granted, January 2, 1731, by Juan Domingo de Bustamante, governor and captain-general, to Bernardino de Sena, Tomas de Sena, and Luis Lopez. The adjacent and adjoining owners of lands at that time were the pueblo of Tesuque, the heirs of Juan Mestas and Lazaro Trujillo. Tesuque was known as ‘‘San Diego de Tesuque.”’ Of the outbreak at the pueblos of Nambé and Pojoaque |
