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Show 268 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO Moquis; incomplete. A possible visit of Governor Anza to the Moqui nation is also mentioned and recommending that he have Fr, Escalante accompany him. Fr. Escalante wrote a letter to Fr. Morfi, his superior, the letter being a concise history of New Mexico to that time, a translation of which is as follows: “1. Reverend Father Preacher, my Lord: As much on account of the necessary duties of the office, which I have twice resigned, although in vain, as on account of the journey which I have made to El Paso this winter, I have not been able either to read or make extracts from these government archives, except from the year 1680, there being no older papers here, in which year this kingdom was lost, until the year 1692, in which year Don Diego de Vargas commenced to regain it. I hope to be able in May and June ensuing to conclude examining the documents which remain. Everything which I find useful, I will send whither your reverence may command; and, although at present I have not the necessary quiet, still, that your reverence may know that these delays are not excuses, but that I have desired truly to do your pleasure, herewith shall be sent this statement of the information taken from the proceedings of Don Antonio de Otermin; of Don Domingo Gironza Petriz de Cruzate, his successor as governor, in August, 1683; of Don Pedro Reneros de Posada, successor in 1688, and who was governor for a year his and mouths, Don Domingo Gironza resuming the governorship in 1689, and of Don Diego de Vargas, who succeeded him in 1691. Of those who preceded Otermin in these archives there are no decrees or any other papers whatsoeve r; even those papers which pertain to the first years of the rule of the said Otermin are missing. Some are enumerated incidentally In various statements and depositions made to Otermin subsequent to the general uprising [of the Incdians| by various citizens of this kingdom [New Mexico was then a kingdom of the Spanish crown, governed governor and captain-general]: and these Father by a Fr. Francisco Farfan says had been successively the governors before Otermin. And all of these are as follows: Don Fernando de Arguello was governor in 1645; Don nando Ugarte y La Concha in 1650; Don Fernando Herde Villanueva, Don Juan de Medrano, Don Juan de Miranda, and Don Juan Francisco ceeded by Otermin. Trevifio. This Trevifio was suc- This is al] that I have found relative to the ancient governors from Don Juan min. de Ofiate to Oter- THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 269 ‘*2. This kingdom of New Mexico, before it was lost in ” the general rebellion of the Indians in 1680, was composed of forty-six pueblos of Christian Indians, and one town of Spaniards, which was at first the town of San Gabriel del Yunque, and afterwards that of Santa Fe, capital of the kingdom, as it is today; also several ranches belonging to Spaniards which were situated at various places on the banks of the Rio del Norte, and even though altogether they contained a greater population than Santa Fe, on account of their being greatly scattered and apart from one another, they could not be called a pueblo. A few years prior to the said uprising, the hostile Apaches destroyed, by almost continual incursions, seven of the said forty-six pueblos. One of the province of Zufi, and this was Jahuicu (Hawatkuw) ; and six in the valley of the salt lakes which were Chilili, Tajique, and Quarai of the Tehuas; Abé, Jumancas, and Tabira, of the Tompiros; all of these were on the eastern slope of the Sandia mountains, now known as the Manzanos, except two which were in the direction of the salt lakes and away from the mountains. Nearly all the areas of the kingdom were at that time occupied by the heathen Apaches, having different names according to the lands where they dwelt; and only to the west of the province of the Moquis were neighbors, as to- _. day, those of the Cosninos nation. In the beginning of the rule of Don Antonio de Otermin, they appeared and held communications with the Spaniards. From there the Yutes of which [tribe] until that time they had no knowledge. Of the Comanches, if any information was had during the last century, it was not known until the present, when the Yutes brought them to the pueblo of Taos. da try, To- overn nearly all the plains and the buffalo counwhich before that the Yutes and the Apaches had. On account of the buffalo they called those who lived on the plains Vaqueros and other heathen tribes. And so, on the northeast, the east, and the southeast they surround the kingdom today, these Comanches; and on the north and northwest are the Yutes, and from the west, northwest to the south, southeast are the Apaches. eat ‘*3. In the year of 1680, the second of the rule of Otermin, on the tenth day of August, an Indian of the pueblo of San Juan de los Caballeros, so named by the Spaniards because of the gentleness and courtesy of the natives, found himself a fugitive at the pueblo of Taos. He was of the Tehuas and named Po-pé In the time of the government of Don Juan Francisco Trevifio he had been imprisoned |