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Show 278 THH SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO the Tanos of the pueblo of Galisteo were fortified. THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO He be- sleged them and at the beginning they showed such stubborness to the requests that were made to them that they should make peace, that they answered the first time that they would not, for they would take the lives Spaniards, so that they would have no chance of all the to flee as they did at the time of the uprising of 1680, The second time they and would could the replied that they would not surrender. priests With preached and resist until they all of the power exhorted died they them to make peace. Don Diego de Vargas did likewise, giving them his pardon for their past erimes and showing them in every way 279 what is my opinion, at least, upon the Tehuayo.and upon the Gran Quivira, whose imaginary greatness has given much to think over from the beginning of the last century to the present. The Tehuayo, according to the diary of Onate and other ancient narratives, should be considered at the most two hundred leagues to the northwest from Santa Fe; and it is nothing but the land by way of which the Tihuas, Tehuas, and the other Indians transmigrated to this kingdom; which is clearly shown by the ruins of the pueblos which I have seen in it, whose form was the same that they afterwards gave to theirs in New Mexico; and a paternal compassionate love. He overlooked the insults which they gave in words and in actions. and at the Same time the fragments of clay and pottery which I also saw in the said country are much like that which the said Tehuas make soldier and a zealous and compassionate Christian - last the besieged surrendered, without the shedding of : ood, on the 13th day of September; and on the following “wi on which befell the Exaltation of the Holy Cross, in up to 41 degrees and 19 minutes latitude and have found he disposed with great activity whatever would help to improve an opportunity to reduce them by foree in the event there was no other means; like a brave and prudent : e year 1692, they rendered obedien ce and were absolved rom their apostasy by the Father Fray Francisco Cor- Ae After the Villa of Santa Fe had been secured, the y oe from the garrison of Parral arrived, and Don : Hee . Vargas passed over to the pueblo of Pecos, the oe ee tated tented ace aaa Oe it and withdrawing to the mesas and youn who were the last to leave in fight. Pa argas set all of these at liberty in order th persuade the Bes - i . return 1ans and heir principales should come to the villa to render Bh coacip He returned to Santa Fe with all of craton RA lee vee in September 29th to the pueblos of ance and the to S, a Mages a ee a0s did also. Al reece ee apostasy and brought to the ioe P _ m, , of the babes and children of bothage sexes bared gl ra o — ee Ape nine hundred oo 1S point con from the vena of 11. ay pti daa Those who foot more than three hundred leagues in the said direction no information whatever among were oe me Wirinc acoder: Before finishing this lette r I desire to indicate the Indians who today are occupying that country of others who live in pueblos. ‘‘12. The Gran Quivira, according to the region in which they have always considered it to be, and according to what I have been able to find out until now, with all the narratives about it that I have seen or heard, is nothing else than the villages of the Panana [Pawnee] Indians; nor are they greater than living together in villages; and with the same advancement, more or less, as that in which the Moquifios live today. Two things chiefly confirm my opinion. The first is; the first villages that are found within others, who eo to the pueblo wi ‘ee today. To which is added the prevailing tradition with them, which proves the same; and that I have gone on more than three hundred leagues to the northeast of Santa Fe are these; of which, under the name of Pananas, no information was had in this kingdom until the year nineteen of this century, in which year news was given by a Frenchman who came to New Mexico by that way. For which motive the governor, then here, sent a force under one, Villasur, which, having arrived at the river on whose opposite bank were the said villages, was seen by the Pananas. The latter crossed the river in the night, with a great number of guns, and at dawn of the following day they fired upon the camp of our people such a volley that nearly all were killed, and among them, the Father Fray Juan Minguez, a missionary of this custodio, the commander, and the Frenchman who was guiding the force. ‘“The second is that in the middle of the last century some families of Christian Indians of the nation and pueblo of Taos rebelled, withdrew to the buffalo plains and forti- fied themselves at a place which afterward on this account |