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Show $34 REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OB INDIAN SCHOOLS. TEACHING GBAFTINR. [Presented by Miss Frances Bowman, teacher, Salem Sehooi. Chemawa, Oreg.1 NOTE.-This subject was selected for the reason that the Salem School is located in a coulltry particularly adapted lo the raising of fruit-this being the great Prone section of the Northwest-and the teacher mnde a special study of the subject. In grafting it is a good plan to hegin at the beginniug-that is, with the seeds. In the fall of the year we save the apple seeds. The seeds should not be allowed to dry out but should be stored in sand for the winter. 'l'hese seeds may be planted in the spring at gardening time. I t is best to plant them in the garden, as tlle roots can go Straight down and grow stroug. The seedlings must have good cultiratioll during the summer. Late in the fall the plants may be dug up and kept in the cellar. Q. Where do you work?-A. I cork in the orchard. Q. What are you doiug tbere now?-A. We nre grafting. Oscar, you may pass to the hoard and answer the questions I have on the board. Q. Frank, what do you mean hy grafting?-A. Graftingis to take a piece of one tree and make it grow on another. Q. What is the tirst thing to do in grafting?-A. We cut off the limbs we want to graft. Q. What do we use to rut off the limbs?-A. We use a saw. Q. Wtlat kind?-A. We use a fine saw. Q. Why a fine one?-A. A fine saw doesn't loosen the bark. Q. What difference mould the loosened hark make?,4. The loose niece would not grow. Q. What is llone after the limbs are sawed off?-A. A cleft is made in the ends of the stalk. Q. What is done nest?-A. We cut a piece from nnother tree to insert in the cleft. Q. How old must the branches be where the pieces are cut from?-A. They must be not more than a year old. Q. What are these pieces called?-A. They are called scions. Q. How many buds must there be on the scionsl-A. We must have three buds. Q. In what shape is the lower end of the scion cut?-A. It is cut in the shape of a wedge. Q. Where is the lowest bud found?-A. It is found on top of the wedge. Q. What is done next?-A. The scion is put in the deft. Q. How many scions are usually put in one cleft?-A. Two scions are put in. Q. Why?-A. So both sides of the stack will grow. Q. What is put around the cleft?-A. Grafting wax is put around the cleft; this keeps the cleft in the stoclc from drying out. Q. How long will it take for the new part to bear fruit?-A. About three gears. Q. What klnd of fruit will thls tree hear?-A. It will bear Italian prunes. Q. What kind of a prune is an Italian prune?-A. It is a large purple prune. Q. What do we do with the prunes?-A. We dw them. Q. Whnt is the Erst thing we do in drying them?-A. We pick the prunes. Q. How do we ger them from the trees?-A. We shake the trees. Q. Do we shake the tree hard?-A. No. We shake it a very little. 0. m'hv mav we not shake it hard?-A. If we shake it hard the stems stav on ?he piunes: Q. What does that prove?-A. That proves that the prunes are not ripe, and they have not enough sugar in them. Q. Where are they taken after they are picked?-A. They are taken to the drler. Q. What is done with them there?-A. They are first put in a wire basket and dipped In hot lye. The lye cracks the skin and they dry better. Q. Whnt is done next?-A. They are rinsed twice in pure water and then are put on trays and the trays are put in the .drier. Q. How long does it take them to dw7-A. It takesabout thirty-six hours to dry Italian prunes. Q. What part of the weight is lost in drying?-A. About two-thirds is lost and onethlrd remalns. |