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Show POWKLL.] CADDOAN FAMILY. 59 n, pt. 1, xcix, 1848. Latham, Nat. Hist. Man, 844,1850 ( or Panis; includes Loup and Republican Pawnees). Gallatin in Schoolcraft, Ind. Tribes, ra, 402, 1858 ( gives as languages: Pawnees, Ricaras, Tawakeroes, Towekas, Wachos?). Hayden, Cont. Eth. and Phil. Missouri Indians, 232,845,1862 ( includes Pawnees and Arikaras). > Panis, Gallatin in Trans, and Coll. Am. Antiq. Soc., n, 117, 128, 1836 ( of Red River of Texas; mention of villages; doubtfully indicated as of Pawnee family). Prichard, Phys. Hist. Mankind, v, 407,1847 ( supposed from name to be of same race with Pawnees of the Arkansa). Latham, Nat. Hist. Man, 344,1850 ( Pawnees or). Gallatin in Schoolcraft, Ind. Tribes, m, 402, 1853 ( here kept separate from Pawnee family). > Pawnies, Gallatin in Trans. Am. Eth. Soc., n, pt. 1, 77, 1848 ( see Pawnee above). > Pahnies, Berghaus ( 1845), Physik. Atlas, map 17, 1848. Ibid., 1852. > Pawnee(?), Turner in Pac. R. R. Rep., in, pt. 8, 55, 65, 1856 ( Kichai and Hueco vocabularies). = Pawnee, Keane, App. to Stanford's Comp. ( Cent, and So. Am.), 478, 1878 ( gives four groups, viz: Pawnees proper; Arickarees; Wichitas; Caddoes). = Pani, Gatschet, Creek Mig. Legend, 1,42,1884. Berghaus, Physik. Atlas, map 72, 1887. > Towiaches, Gallatin in Trans, and Coll. Am. Antiq. Soc., n, 116, 128, 1836 ( same as Panis above). Prichard, Phys. Hist. Mankind, v, 407, 1847. > Towiachs, Latham, Nat. Hist. Man, 349, 1850 ( includes Towiach, Tawakenoes, Towecas?, Waoos). > Towiacks, Gallatin in Schoolcraft, Ind. Tribes, m, 402, 1853. > Natchitoches, Gallatin in Trans, and Coll. Am. Antiq. Soc., n, 116, 1836 ( stated by Dr. Sibley to speak a language different from any other). Latham, Nat. Hist Man, 342, 1850. Prichard, Phys. Hist Mankind, v, 406, 1847 ( after Gallatin). Gallatin in Schoolcraft, Ind. Tribes, in, 402, 1858 ( a single tribe only). > Aliche, Latham, Nat. Hist. Man, 849, 1850 ( near Nacogdoches; not classified). > Yatassees, Gallatin in Trans, and Coll. Am. Antiq. Soc., II, 116, 1836 ( the single tribe; said by Dr. Sibley to be different from any other; referred to as a family). > Riccarees, Latham, Nat. Hist. Man, 344, 1850 ( kept distinct from Pawnee family). > Washita, Latham in Trans. Philolog. Soc., Lond., 108,1856. Buschmann, Spuren der aztek. Sprache, 441, 1859 ( revokes previous opinion of its distinctness and refers it to Pawnee family). > Witchitas, Buschmann, ibid., ( same as his Washita). Derivation: From the Caddo term ka'- ede, signifying " chief" ( Gatschet). The Pawnee and Caddo, now known to be of the same linguistic family, were supposed by Gallatin and by many later writers to be distinct, and accordingly both names appear in the ArchaBologia Americana as family designations. Both names are unobjectionable, but as the term Caddo has priority by a few pages preference is given to it. Gallatin states " that the Caddoes formerly lived 300 miles up Red River but have now moved to a branch of Red River." He refers to the Nandakoes, the Inies or Tachies, and the Nabedaches as speaking dialects of the Caddo language. Under Pawnee two tribes were included by Gallatin: The Pawnees proper and the Ricaras. The Pawnee tribes occupied the country on the Platte Hiver adjoining the Loup Fork. The Ricara towns were on the upper Missouri in latitude 46° 30'. |
