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Show B0FWAN. 1 THE MIDE'WIWIN CR088. 155 he resolved at last to part from him. He retired then into Heaven, whence, for a Mark of his just Resentment, he causeth at several times his Thunder to rore over the Head of his unfortunate Brother. Sometime after the Spirit descended again on that Woman, and she conceived a Daughter, from whom ( as the Salvages say) were propagated these numerous People, which do occupy now one of the greatest parts of the Universe. It is evident that the narrator has sufficiently distorted the traditions to make them conform, as much as practicable, to the biblical story of the birth of Christ. No reference whatever is made in the Ojibwa or Menomoni myths to the conception of the Daughter of Nokomis ( the earth) by a celestial visitant, but the reference is to one of the wind gods. Mi'nab5' zho became angered with the Ki'tshi Man'ido, and the latter, to appease his discontent, gave to Mi'nab6' zho the rite of the Mide'wiwin. The brother of Mi'nabo'zho was destroyed by the malevolent underground spirits and now rules the abode of shadows,- the " Land of the Midnight Sun." Upon his arrival at the " Bay of Puans" ( Green Bay, Wisconsin), Marquette found a village inhabited by three nations, viz: " Miamis, Maskoutens, and Kikabeux." He says: When I arrived there, I was very glad to see a great Cross set up in the middle of the Village, adorn'd with several White Skins, Red Girdles, Bows and Arrows, which that good People had offered to the Great Manitou, to return him their Thanks for the care he had taken of them during the Winter, and that he had granted them a prosperous Hunting. Manitou, is the Name they give in general to all Spirits whom they think to be above the Mature of Man. Marquette was without doubt ignorant of the fact that the cross is the sacred post, and the symbol of the fourth degree of the Mide' wiwin, as will be fully explained in connection with that grade of the society. The erroneous conclusion that the cross was erected as an evidence of the adoption of Christianity, and possibly as a compliment to the visitor, was a natural one on the part of the priest, but this same symbol of the Mide' Society had probably been erected and bedecked with barbaric emblems and weapons months before anything was known of him. The result of personal investigations among the Ojibwa, conducted during the years 1887, 1888 and 1889, are presented in the accompanying paper. The information was obtained from a number of the chief Mide' priests living at Red Lake and White Earth reservations, as well as from members of the society from other reservations, who visited the last named locality during the three years. Special mention of the peculiarity of the music recorded will be made at the proper place; and it may here be said that in no instance was the use of colors detected, in any birch- bark or other records or mnemonic songs, simply to heighten the artistic effect; though the reader would be led by an examination of the works of Schoolcraft to believe this to be a common practice. Col. Garrick Mallery, U. S. Army, in a paper read before the Anthropological Society of |