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Show 1905.J OF AX INDIAN RHINOCEROS. 57 pyloric dilatation (Owen, I.e. pi. xi. figs. 1 & 2), shows a layer of pyloric glands 2 mm. thick. The gland-tubules have about twice the diameter of those of the peptic glands, but are far shorter and more branched. They are separated into groups of various size by septa running up from the submucosa. Duodenum.-A portion, taken about 1 ft. 6 in. from the stomach, showing the papilliform valvulse conniventes (Owen, I. c. pi. xii. figs. 1 & 2). Microscopic sections show that the papilliform processes are covered with villi. The interior of each process contained a number of follicles belonging to Brunner's glands. The ducts from these open upon the surface of the process between the villi. Brunner's glands were only observed within the papilliform processes, and not in the general submucosa of the intestinal wall. With htematoxylin they stained a vivid blue, in marked contrast to the pinkish purple of the surrounding tissues. Gervais, who describes the histology of the small intestine of the Rhinoceros *, makes no mention of Brunner's glands ; probably his sections were taken from a point further down the intestine below the level of these glands. He, however, speaks of Crypts of Lieberkalm lying between the papilliform processes. These were not seen in the present sections. Ileum.-Owen, I. c. pi. xii. fig. 3. C(xmm.- This organ is lined by a voluminous mucous membrane, separated from the muscular wrall by an extremely loose submucosa, and thus easily thrown into transient folds. The mucous membrane consists, as usual in this part of the gut, of an even and close-set series of Crypts of Lieberkulin. They are '25 mm. long, only about half as long as in the caecum of the Horse. The Larynx.-(Owen, I. c. pi. x. figs. 1 & 2, pi. xv. figs. 1 & 2.) The epiglottis is intranarial. The outer walls of the ventricles and lateral pouches are covered by gland-tissue. The two folds of mucous membrane that run upwards, outwards, and backwards from the anterior attachment of the vocal cords and form the anterior lips of the ventricles (Owen, p. 48) are strongly developed ; they are even more marked in the Sumatran Rhinoceros, but are absent in the Tapir and Horse. Above the anterior point of union of the vocal cords is a vertical indentation of the mucous membrane of the epiglottis. In this position in the Horse and Ass there is a definite median saccus. The Parathyroid Body.-The external appearance and position of this body are accurately given by Owen (I. c. p. 48). In histological structure it conforms to Welsh's type 4+, consisting of small cells clustered so as to form globular alveoli. In some parts the masses of cells apparently do not surround a lumen, and in these places there is more resemblance to Welsh's type 3. The * Gervais, " Structure de l'intestine grele chez le Rhinoceros," Journ. de Zool. t. iv. (1875) p. 465. ‘ . t Welsh, " Concerning the Parathyroid Glands," Journ. Anat. & Physiol, vol. xxxii. (1808) p. 392. |